基于大型底栖动物群落的苏北浅滩海域生态健康评价

Community Characteristics and Ecological Health Assessment of Macrobenthos in the Sea Adjacent to Subei Shoal

为了解苏北浅滩附近海域大型底栖动物群落组成特点,于2020—2023年每年8月份对苏北浅滩附近海域的27个站位进行大型底栖动物定量调查。分析该海域大型底栖动物生物密度、生物量、群落结构特征和主要环境影响因子。采用Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、AZTI海洋生物指数(AMBI)及多变量AMBI指数(M-AMBI)等评价该海域底栖动物生境健康状况。结果显示:共鉴定大型底栖动物6门34种,其中环节动物14种,软体动物14种,节肢和纽形动物各2种,螠虫和棘皮动物各1种。大型底栖动物平均生物密度为9.35 ind./m^(2),平均生物量为10.51 g/m^(2)。苏北浅滩海域主要优势种有小荚蛏(Siliqua minima)、纵肋织纹螺(Nassarius variciferus)、伶鼬榧螺(Oliva mustelina)和长吻沙蚕(Glycera chirori),多为软体动物和环节动物。典范对应分析(CCA)结果表明,水深,水温和溶解氧是影响苏北浅滩附近海域大型底栖动物群落的最主要因子。2020—2023年苏北浅滩附近海域大型底栖动物群落受到中度—重度扰乱,且环境处于重度污染,生态环境质量状况处于差—较差之间。近几年苏北浅滩海域生态环境有所转好,但仍须长期坚持海洋环境修复和保护政策。

In order to explore the characteristics of macrobenthic community composition,a quantitative survey was conducted at 27 stations in the sea areas of Subei shoal in August of each year from 2020 to 2023.Conduct an analysis of the macrobenthic density,biomass,community and key environmental impact factors in the specified marine region.The health status of the macrobenthic habitat were evaluated by Shannon-Wiener diversity index,the AZTI Marine Biotic Index(AMBI)and the Multivariate AMBI(M-AMBI).The results showed that a total of 34 species from 6 phylums were identified,including 14 species from Annelida,14 species of Mollusca,2 species from Arthropoda and 2 species from Nemertinea,1 species from Echiura and 1 species from Echinodermata.The average density of macrobenthos was 9.35 ind./m^(2),the average biomass of macrobenthos was 10.51 g/m^(2).The main dominant species in the sea areas of Subei shoal were Siliqua minima,Nassarius variciferus,Oliva mustelina,and Glycera chirori,mostly Mollusca and Annelida.The CCA analysis results indicate that water depth,water temperature,and dissolved oxygen are the most significant factors affecting the macrobenthic community in the waters near the Subei Shoal.From 2020 to 2023,the macrobenthic community in the waters near the Subei Shoal had been moderately to severely disturbed,and the environment was heavily polluted,with the ecological environment quality ranging from poor to relatively poor.In recent years,the ecological environment of the Subei Shoal waters has been improved,but long-term adherence to marine environmental restoration and protection policies is still necessary.