体推进剂老化机理及寿命评估的研究进展

Research on the Progress of Aging Mechanisms and Life Assessment of Solid Propellant

固体推进剂老化是影响其安全贮存及固体火箭发动机正常工作的关键因素。精准评估固体推进剂的当前状态和使用寿命,详细分析固体推进剂在贮存期间各种外界因素耦合作用对装药结构缺陷等老化特性的影响规律及作用机制,建立一套有效的失效判定准则,对固体火箭发动机安全发射及“高寿命”固体推进剂研制和使用具有重要意义。基于固体推进剂的材料特性及贮存环境,本文综述了固体推进剂的老化过程(包括物理化学过程、机械过程),以及因装药结构缺陷引起的内弹道性能、结构完整性的变化;同时,根据测试表征手段、量子化学计算和分子动力学模拟方法,阐述了目前广泛使用及研究的NEPE和HTPB推进剂的老化机理;最后,分别从失效指标、数据采集及数据处理三方面综述了固体推进剂的寿命评估及延寿方法。

The aging of solid propellant is a critical factor affecting the safe storage and the normal operations of solid rocket engines.Accurately assessing current status and service life of solid propellant,analyzing in detail the effects of various external factors during storage on aging characteristics such as defect structure of the propellant and their mechanisms of action,and establishing an effective set of failure criteria are of great significance for the safe launch of solid rocket engines and the development and use of“high-life”solid propellants.Based on the material properties of solid propellant and storage environment,this paper reviews the aging process of solid propellant(including physical and chemical processes,mechanical processes),as well as changes in internal ballistic performance and structural integrity caused by defect structures.Additionally,the aging mechanisms of widely used and researched NEPE and HTPB propellants are elucidated based on testing and characterization methods,quantum chemical calculations,and molecular dynamics simulation methods.Finally,this paper summarizes the life assessment and prolongation methods of solid propellant from three aspects:failure indicator,data acquisition,and data processing.