动态系统论视阈下效力性强制性规定的识别标准研究

The Study of the Identification Criteria of Effective Mandatory Provisions Under the Perspective of Flexible-System Approach

要为回应司法实践中涉强制性规定的性质识别难题,《全国法院民商事审判工作会议纪要》第30条第2款尝试给出指引,将认定效力性强制性规定时所需考虑的要素加以罗列。此种要素列举的方法与既有的裁判方法相似,又与动态系统论的方法相近。考虑到《民法典》中已有规范认可动态系统论,且动态系统论本身就是服务于法的具体化的方法论工具,故而可以考虑以动态系统论的方法破解效力性强制性规定的识别困境。运用动态系统论的方法,须首先以相应的法原理或法原则为基础来划定系统内的要素。然后,通过各要素的协动作用形成判断。为尽可能地达致客观判断,须强化法官的说理义务。通过强化说理义务可以助力于“重叠共识”的形成,从而在共识的基础上形成类型化的案例,并从类型化的案例中逐步抽离出可操作、具体的规范准则,以期破解效力性强制性规定的识别困境。

In response to the problem of identifying the nature of mandatory provisions in judicial practice,the first sentence of the Article 30(2)of the Ninth Work Conference of the Courts Nationwide on Civil and Commercial Trials attempts to give some guidance,which lists the elements to be considered when determining the validity of mandatory provisions.The method of enumerating such elements is similar to the existing judgment method,and is very close to the flexible-system approach.In view of the fact that the Civil Code already acknowledges the flexible-system approach,and the approach itself is a methodological tool for the concretization of law,it can be considered to solve the identification dilemma of the mandatory provisions of effectiveness by flexible-system approach.To use this approach,we must first define the elements in the system based on the corresponding legal doctrines or legal principles.After that,the judgment is formed through the coordination of various elements.In order to achieve objective judgment as much as possible,it is necessary to strengthen the judges'obligation of reasoning.By strengthening the obligation of reasoning,it can help the formation of overlapping consensus,so as to form typed cases on the basis of consensus,and gradually extract operable and specific normative criteria from typed cases.This serves for the purpose of solving the identification dilemma of effective mandatory provisions.