战后北平市社会局难民救助与社会秩序重建

The Post-war Refugee Relief of the Peiping Municipal Bureau for Social Affairs and the Restoration of Social Order

抗日战争的硝烟刚刚散去,国共内战再起,战争制造了数量庞大的难民群体。地处华北入关要道的北平,成为难民的重要汇聚地。北平市难民数量庞大,生活维艰,不仅加重了政府的救助负担,而且严重影响到战后社会秩序的稳定。为重建战后社会秩序,北平市社会局作为官方唯一的救助机构,承担着社会救助的责任,增设难民临时收养所、难民临时招待委员会、北平市救济福利事业审议委员会等救助机构,同时推出收容、急赈、工赈及借贷等措施,这对于缓解战后北平难民问题发挥了一定的积极作用。随着国共战事的扩大,北平待救难民数日增,然政府救助经费短缺,救助制度混乱,加之动荡不安局势的制约,致使社会局难民救助的整体效果寥寥,国民政府重建社会秩序的努力最终归于失败。

While the smoke of the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression had just dissipated,the civil war between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of China had resumed.The protracted war created a large number of refugees.Peiping,located at the gateway to North China,became an important gathering place for post-war refugees.The large number of refugees in Peiping and their difficult livelihood not only increased the government's relief burden,but also seriously affected social stability.As the only official relief agency,the Peiping Municipal Bureau for Social Affairs assumed the responsibility of aiding the refugees.It successively added relief agencies such as the Temporary Refugee Adoption Center,the Temporary Refugee Reception Committee,and the Peiping Municipal Relief and Welfare Review Committee.At the same time,it launched a series of relief measures,such as providing shelter,emergency relief,work relief and loans,which played a certain positive role in alleviating the post-war refugee problem of Peiping.However,as the war between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of China continued to expand,the number of refugees waiting for relief increased sharply,and the government's lack of relief funds,the defects in its relief system,coupled with the constraints of the turbulent situation resulted in the limited effect of the refugee relief work of the Peiping Municipal Bureau for Social Affairs,and the National Government's efforts to restore social order ended in failure.