蹒跚行进的妇女——国民革命时期湖北的放足运动

Hobbling Women in the Procession--Foot-Release Movement in Hubei Province during the Nationalist Revolution

国民革命最初的两三年间,国共两党均未将禁缠足作为亟待解决的问题。北伐军攻克武汉及国民政府迁鄂后,情况发生了变化,其时,劳动妇女,特别是女工在妇女运动中的地位日益突显,但她们依然普遍缠足。在妇运工作人员看来,缠足既不利于女工从事生产,又妨碍她们参加国民革命。湖北省妇女协会率先呼吁禁缠足,在其推动下,中央妇女部开始关注此问题,于1927年4月召集各团体,组织湖北放足运动委员会,以领导放足运动。为彰显工人阶级的领导地位,湖北省总工会率先在女工中发起放足运动,其宣传品及经验的确对整个运动产生了一定影响。湖北放足运动是一场由各妇女团体主导的群众运动,各团体采取多种方式,进行声势浩大且深入的宣传。各妇女团体一再呼吁武汉国民政府及地方政府制定严禁缠足的法规,但收效不大。尽管由于政治、军事形势的限制,此次运动范围有限,亦未实现预定目标,但运动使众多缠足妇女实行了放足,且起到一定的移风易俗效果。此次放足运动在各地引起回响,并间接推动了一年后南京国民政府《禁止妇女缠足条例》的出台。

In the first two or three years of the Nationalist Revolution,neither the Kuomintang nor the Communist Party regarded foot-binding of women as an urgent problem to be solved.The situation changed after the Northern Expedition began and the Nationalist government moved to Hubei,when the role of working-class women became increasingly prominent in the women's movement,however,they still generally tied their feet.In the eyes of women activists,foot-binding hinders those women's participation in both industrial production and the Nationalist Revolution.The Hubei Women's Association took the lead in calling for outlawing foot-binding,and under its impetus,the Central Women's Department of Kuomintang began to pay attention to this issue,and in April 1927 called together several women's groups to organize the Hubei Foot-Release Movement Committee to lead the movement.The scope of the movement was limited due to the political and military situation which the Wuhan Nationalist government was facing,and its goals were not met.Nevertheless,during the movement,a lot of women released their feet,and there had been some changes in social customs.The foot-release movement elicited responses in other cities and provinces,and indirectly led to the introduction of the Nanjing Nationalist Government's Regulations on the Prohibition of Women's Foot-Binding a year later.