王国维生计问题及经济观念考论

Wang Guowei's Livelihood Issues and Economic Concepts

作为学术天才的王国维,既乏谋生之才,亦少谋生之心,一生几乎都陷于贫困之中。幸得藤田丰八、汪康年、罗振玉、蒋汝藻与沈曾植等师友多方援手,方使王国维一家生计得到基本保障。诸师友皆视王国维为不可多得之学问天才,故积极为其谋事以谋薪,略纾其困。其中用心最多、用力最大、成效最著的允推罗振玉,尤其是他在自身经济困窘的情况下,无怨无悔为王国维谋生计,使其静心从事愿修之学术,堪称学林佳话。王国维以生计、学术两相裨益为择业原则,并遵家训以“谨慎勤俭”为生活法则与经济理念,以简单的生活助力丰硕的学术。梳理总结王国维的生计问题与经济观念,对于深入研究王国维其人其学,有着非常重要的意义。

Wang Guowei,an academic genius lacked the talent to make a living and the will to do so,thus he was almost always in poverty.Fortunately,with the help of mentor-friends like Fujita Toyohachi,Wang Kangnian,Luo Zhenyu,Jiang Ruzao,and Shen Zengzhi,Wang's family was able to secure a basic livelihood.Recognizing Wang Guowei as a rare scholarly genius,they all actively assisted him in seeking a salary and alleviating his financial difficulties.Among them Luo Zhenyu stood out for the exceptional efforts and remarkable results,especially in his selfless assistance with Wang Guowei without any complaint despite his own economic hardships,allowing Wang Guowei to concentrate on his academic pursuits,which has become a much-told story of camaraderie in the academic circles.Wang Guowei made his career decisions based on the principle of balancing livelihood and academic pursuits,adhering to the family motto of“prudence,diligence,and thrift”as the rule of life and economic philosophy,living a simple life and making fruitful academic achievements.Examining and summarizing Wang Guowei's livelihood issues and economic concepts is of great significance for an in-depth study of both the man and his scholarship.