养老机构发展的法律规制:理论基础与法制完善

Legal Regulation of the Development of Elderly Care Institution:Theoretical Foundations and Legal Improvements

在人口老龄化程度日趋严重、养老服务体系建设深入推进的社会背景下,破解养老机构发展现实困境亟需提升规范化发展程度。人权理论、社会契约理论及福利多元主义理论、多中心治理理论、新公共管理理论等分别构成养老机构发展的一般理论基础和特殊理论基础,公益性与盈利性分别为机构养老服务的一般法律属性和特殊法律属性。针对养老机构发展监管规范不健全、风险防控规范不完善、新型养老模式应用规范缺位等既存突出问题,应将激励性监管与惩戒性监管相结合,优化养老机构监管机制,健全养老机构市场退出规范;提升养老机构发展产业政策理性,细化养老机构与入住老年人权利义务规范,优化养老机构责任保险制度等,以完善养老机构发展风险防控规范;健全机构智慧养老及医养结合养老规范,以保障机构新型养老模式有序发展。

In a society where the degree of population aging is becoming increasingly severe and the construction of elderly care service systems is advancing.It is urgent to raise the level of standardized development to address the practical difficulties in the development of elderly care institutions.Furthermore,it is important to improve institutional smart elderly care and the combination of medical care and elderly care norms to ensure the orderly development of the new institutional pension models.