从介入到融入:翻译与现代中国政治学的形成与发展

From Intervention to Integration:Translation and the Formation and Development of Political Science in Modern China

百年来中国政治学译介海外著作的过程大致分为酝酿、奠基、沉潜和融通四个时期,其中,20世纪上半叶中国政治学著作翻译的奠基期尤为值得注意。在这一阶段,政治学著作翻译深刻影响着中国政治的理论实践,既寄托着翻译者对政治典范或国家理想的期待,同时为现实政治辩论提供了理论资源。著作译介也在促进着中国政治学的知识体系建构,既推动政治学的学科体系、课程体系逐渐完备,也在影响和塑造着政治学的学术体系,为政治学学科发展供给概念、议题和方法。政治学本土化乃至自主知识体系建构实际上都必须充分考虑翻译在其中发挥的重要作用,也只有将中国政治学的知识转型置于中国与世界互动的近代语境中才能理解几代人追求的学科本土化、自主性的深层逻辑。简单拒斥西方政治学传统,与盲目移植套用西方概念或理论,对于中国政治学而言,同样是历史虚无主义的表现。认真对待不同源流的学术传统,重视本土资源与西学东渐的互动融合,才有可能走出中国政治学知识体系建构的创新之路。

Translating foreign works in the PSD(political studies discipline)to China over the past hundred years can be divided into four stages:preparation,foundation,submergence and integration.Among them,the foundational period in the first half of the 20th century was particularly noteworthy.At this stage,the translation of political science works profoundly shaped the emergence and formation of Political Science in modern China.On the one hand,translators expected to find ideal regimes from foreign literature,and on the other hand,they contributed these theoretical resources to then debated among intellectuals.The translation of works also contributed to constructing the PSD in China,not only by promoting the gradual completion of the disciplinary and curricular systems,but also by influencing and shaping the academic system of the PSD in China and supplying concepts,issues,and methods for the development of the discipline of political science.Currently,while we debated how to localize the PSD and construct autonomously China's Political Science,we should not omit the important role of translation,which means only by placing the intellectual transformation of political science in the modern context of China's interaction with the world can we understand the deeper logic of the localization and autonomy of the discipline that has been pursued for several generations.Rejecting simply Western political science traditions and transplanting blindly Western concepts and theories are both manifestations of historical nihilism for the PSD in China.Only by regarding different academic traditions seriously,integrating innovatively them and producing new knowledge according to Chinese conditions and historical development,can we make a breakthrough of developing autonomously the PSD in China.