菌糠替代紫花苜蓿对贵州黑山羊母羊生产性能、抗氧化能力和瘤胃微生物区系的影响

Effects of edible fungus bran substituting for alfalfa on production performance,antioxidant capacity,and ruminal microbial composition of Guizhou black goat ewes

试验旨在研究饲粮中菌糠替代紫花苜蓿对贵州黑山羊母羊生产性能、抗氧化能力和瘤胃微生物区系的影响。选取18只体况相近的贵州黑山羊母羊,随机分为3组,每组6个重复,每个重复1只羊。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别以金针菇和海鲜菇菌糠等量替代基础饲粮中的紫花苜蓿,依次记为对照组(CK组)、金针菇组(JZG组)、海鲜菇组(HXG组)。预试期14 d,正式试验期60 d。结果显示,JZG组和HXG组血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化酶(GSH-Px)活性和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)均显著高于CK组(P<0.05),丙二醛(MDA)含量显著低于CK组(P<0.05)。JZG组和HXG组瘤胃液中乙酸(AA)含量显著低于CK组(P<0.05)。通过高通量测序分析发现,JZG组瘤胃微生物的物种多样性和丰度显著高于HXG组和CK组(P<0.05)。聚类分析发现:在门水平上,厚壁菌门和变形菌门相对丰度在CK组中较高,而拟杆菌门、疣微菌门、浮霉菌门和螺旋菌门相对丰度在JZG组和HXG组较高;在种和属水平上,奎因氏菌属、普雷沃氏菌属、溶糊精琥珀酸弧菌等相对丰度在CK组中较高,而毛螺科菌、理研菌科、支原体_girerdii等相对丰度在JZG组和HXG组较高。研究表明,以金针菇和海鲜菇菌糠替代紫花苜蓿调制全混合日粮对贵州黑山羊母羊的育肥效果无不良影响,其中金针菇菌糠效果优于海鲜菇菌糠。

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary bacterial bran replacement of alfalfa on the production performance,antioxidant capacity,and rumen microflora of Guizhou black goat ewes.Eighteen Guizhou black goat ewes with similar body condition were randomly divided into three groups with six replicates per group and one ewe per replicate.Ewes in control group were fed a basal diet,and the experimental groups were fed an equal amount of Flammulina velutipes and seafood mushroom bran to replace alfalfa in the basic feed,which were recorded as control group(CK group),Flammulina velutipes group(JZG group)and seafood mushrooms group(HXG group)in turn.The pretest lasted for 14 days and the formal test lasted for 60 days.The results showed that the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),and total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)in serum of JZG group and HXG group were significantly higher than those of CK group(P<0.05),and the content of malondialdehyde(MDA)in serum of JZG group and HXG group was significantly lower than that of CK group(P<0.05).The acetic acid(AA)in rumen fluid in JZG group and HXG group was significantly lower than that in CK group(P<0.05).High-throughput sequencing analysis showed that the species diversity and abundance of rumen microorganisms in JZG group were significantly higher than those in HXG group and CK group(P<0.05).The clustering analysis showed that at the phylum level,Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were higher in CK group,while Bacteroidetes,Verrucobacteria,Pontospora,and Spirospira were higher in HXG group and JZG group.At the species and genus level,the abundance of Quinella,Prevotella,and Dextrinosuccinyl-Vibrio were higher in CK group,while the abundance of Trichospiriaceae,Riyanaceae,and Mycoplasma girerdii were higher in JZG group and HXG group.The study indicates that the replacement of alfalfa meal with Flammulina velutipes and sea mushroom bran in the total mixed diet has no adverse effect on the fattening effect of Guizhou black goat ewes,and the effect of Flammulina velutipes bran was better than seafood mushroom bran.