胚蛋注射乳酸菌对雏鸡孵化性能和肠道黏膜结构的影响

Effect of embryo egg injection of lactic acid bacteria on hatching performance and intestinal mucosal structure of chicks

试验旨在探讨胚蛋注射乳酸菌对蛋雏鸡孵化性能和肠道黏膜结构的影响。将150个SPF种蛋孵化至18胚龄时随机分成2组,每组3个重复,每个重复25个种蛋。对照组羊膜腔接种0.2 mL灭菌生理盐水,鸡胚乳酸菌注射组羊膜腔接种0.2 mL含1.21×10^(8) CFU/mL活菌数的唾液乳杆菌XP132。孵化到21 d出壳,饲养期35 d。结果显示:胚蛋注射乳酸菌显著增加了蛋雏鸡体重(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,鸡胚乳酸菌注射组7日龄和28日龄的胸腺指数、14日龄脾脏指数和法氏囊指数、21日龄的胸腺指数和法氏囊指数均显著提高(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,鸡胚乳酸菌注射组雏鸡十二指肠绒毛高度(VH)显著提高(P<0.05),绒隐比(V/C)极显著升高(P<0.01);7日龄十二指肠隐窝深度(CD)极显著降低(P<0.01),21、35日龄十二指肠CD显著降低(P<0.05);7、21日龄空肠VH、V/C显著升高(P<0.05),CD显著降低(P<0.05);21日龄回肠VH显著升高(P<0.05),V/C极显著升高(P<0.01);35日龄回肠VH显著升高(P<0.05)。因饲养过程中未用抗生素,导致对照组部分雏鸡出现轻微细菌感染,电镜观察可见雏鸡十二指肠上皮细胞微绒毛、线粒体结构等细胞器出现了一定的损伤,而应用乳酸菌后7、21、35日龄雏鸡未出现细菌感染,上皮细胞微绒毛、线粒体结构和紧密连接蛋白等结构的损伤情况均得到改善。研究发现,胚蛋注射乳酸菌可增加SPF蛋鸡体重,并对其肠道黏膜结构具有一定的改善作用。

The experiment aimed to investigate the effects of injecting lactic acid bacteria into the embryo on the hatching performance and intestinal mucosa structure of chicks.A total of 150 SPF eggs were incubated until 18 days of embryonic age and then randomly divided into two groups,with each group having three replicates,each consisting of 25 eggs.The control group was injected with 0.2 mL of sterilized saline into the amniotic cavity,while the embryonic egg lactic acid bacteria injection group was injected with 0.2 mL containing 1.21×10^(8) CFU/mL of live Lactobacillussalivarius XP132.The experiment spanned from incubation to hatching at 21 days,with a rearing period of 35 days.The results indicated that the injection of lactic acid bacteria into the fertilized eggs significantly increased the body weight of the chick(P<0.05).Compared to the control group,the embryonic egg lactic acid bacteria injection group showed a significant increase in the thymus index at 7 and 28 days of age,the spleen and bursa of Fabricius indices at 14 days of age,and the thymus and bursa of Fabricius indices at 21 days of age(P<0.05).Compared to the control group,the villus height(VH)of the duodenum in the embryonic egg lactic acid bacteria injection group was significantly increased(P<0.05),and the villus to crypt ratio(V/C)was extremely increased(P<0.01).The crypt depth(CD)of the duodenum at 7 days of age was extremely reduced(P<0.01),and the CD of the duodenum at 21 and 35 days of age was significantly reduced(P<0.05).At 7 and 21 days of age,the VH and V/C of the jejunum were significantly increased(P<0.05),while the CD was significantly decreased(P<0.05).At 21 days of age,the VH of the ileum was significantly increased(P<0.05),and the V/C was extremely increased(P<0.01).At 35 days of age,the VH of the ileum was significantly increased(P<0.05).Due to the absence of antibiotic use during the rearing process,some chicks in the control group experienced mild bacterial infections.Electron microscopy observation revealed certain damages to the microvilli and mitochondrial structures of the duodenal epithelial cells.However,the application of lactic acid bacteria prevented bacterial infections in the chicks at 7,21,and 35 days of age,and improved the damage to the epithelial cell microvilli,mitochondrial structures,and tight junction proteins.The study shows that the injection of lactic acid bacteria into fertilized eggs can increase the body weight of SPF chicks and has a certain improving effect on their intestinal mucosal structure.