紫花苜蓿雄性不育系高产杂交组合筛选研究

Research on selection of hybrid combination of alfalfa male sterile line for high yield

试验旨在筛选紫花苜蓿雄性不育系高产杂交组合,以引进的1个苜蓿雄性不育系株系(MS-GN)为母本,10个优良紫花苜蓿单株(紫花苜蓿354-05、骑士-02、甘农8号-04、紫花苜蓿440-02、皇后-25、紫花苜蓿319-01、陇东苜蓿-06、紫花苜蓿343-02、阿尔冈金-19、三得利-74)为父本,共配制10个杂交组合,编号分别为M×1、M×2、M×3、M×4、M×5、M×6、M×7、M×8、M×9、M×10。通过测定杂交组合F1代连续两年的株高、茎粗、一级分枝数和鲜、干草产量等指标,结合一般配合力分析,筛选高产杂交组合。结果显示,M×4的两年平均株高最高,显著高于M×7、M×3、M×5、M×8和M×10(P<0.05);M×6的两年平均茎粗最粗,M×1的两年平均一级分枝数最多。M×1和M×6的两年平均鲜草产量最高,均为2.02 kg/株,M×4和M×1的两年平均干草产量最高,均为0.60 kg/株。株高、茎粗和一级分枝数均与草产量呈正相关,且株高和一级分枝数与鲜、干草产量呈显著或极显著正相关(P<0.05或P<0.01)。产量性状聚类分析将杂交组合分为4类,其中产量性状表现较优的组合为M×1、M×6和M×4,与灰色关联度综合分析结果一致。一般配合力(GCA)效应值中,M×4株高最高,M×6茎粗最高,M×1一级分枝数最高,M×1和M×6鲜草产量最高,M×1和M×4干草产量最高。研究表明,各杂交组合中,M×1、M×4和M×6的产量性状综合表现较优,为高产杂交组合。

The experiment aimed to screen for high-yielding hybrid combinations of male-sterile alfalfa lines.A total of 10 hybrid combinations were prepared with one alfalfa male sterile line(MS-GN)as the female parent and 10 excellent alfalfa plants(Alfalfa 354-05,Cavalier-02,Gannong NO.8-04,Alfalfa 440-02,Queen-25,Alfalfa 319-01,Longdong Alfalfa-06,Alfalfa 343-02,Algonkin-19,and Suntory-74)as the male parents,and the numbers were M×1,M×2,M×3,M×4,M×5,M×6,M×7,M×8,M×9,and M×10.The high-yield hybrid combinations were screened by measuring the plant height,stem diameter,primary branch number,fresh yields and hay yields of the F1 generation of the hybrid combination for two consecutive years,combined with the analysis of general compounding ability.The results showed that M×4 had the highest two-year average plant height,which was significantly higher than that of M×7,M×3,M×5,M×8 and M×10(P<0.05).The two-year average stem diameter of M×6 was the highest,and the two-year average primary branch number of M×1 was the highest.M×1 and M×6 had the highest two-year average hay yield of 2.02 kg/plant,while M×4 and M×1 had the highest two-year average hay yield of 0.60 kg/plant.Plant height,stem diameter,and primary branch number were positively correlated with grass yield,and plant height and primary branch number were significantly or extremely correlated with fresh yield and hay yield(P<0.05 or P<0.01).The cluster analysis of yield traits divided the hybrid combinations into four categories,among which the combinations with better yield traits were M×1,M×6,and M×4,which were consistent with the results of the comprehensive analysis of grey correlation degree.In the general compounding ability(GCA)effect value,M×4 had the highest plant height,M×6 had the highest stem diameter,M×1 had the highest number of first-order branches,M×1andM×6hadthehighestyield,andM×1andM×4 had the highest hay yield.The results showed that M×1,M×4,and M×6 had better comprehensive performance in yield traits among the hybrid combinations,and they werehigh-yieldhybrid combinations.