黑龙滩水库消落带不同植被恢复模式对土壤物理性质的影响

Effects of Different Vegetation Restoration Patterns on Soil Physical Properties in the Riparian Zone of the Heilongtan Reservoir

[目的]探究水库消落带不同植被恢复模式对土壤物理性质的影响,为水库消落带的植被-土壤互馈关系研究与生态重建工作提供科学依据。[方法]以黑龙滩水库消落带自然恢复和人工恢复植被样地为研究对象,采集了不同海拔梯度和土层深度的土壤样品,利用环刀法和干筛法对比分析了土壤容重、总孔隙度、机械稳定性团聚体等物理性质。[结果]人工恢复与自然恢复植被下0—20 cm土层的土壤物理性质差异显著(p<0.05),其中人工恢复植被的土壤容重相较于自然恢复植被低16.97%,而土壤总孔隙度、饱和持水量和含水率相较于自然恢复植被分别增加35.00%,58.45%和117.63%;人工恢复植被下土壤>5 mm机械性团聚体含量显著高于自然恢复植被;多因素方差分析表明,恢复模式与水位高程的交互作用相较于其他交互作用对土壤物理性质的影响更为明显;冗余分析(RDA)和相关性分析表明,恢复模式是黑龙滩水库消落带土壤物理性质空间分异的主控因素。[结论]人工植被恢复能够有效改善土壤物理性质,建议在黑龙滩水库消落带合理开展人工植被恢复,改善土壤质量。

[Objective]The objectives of this study are to explore the effects of different vegetation restoration patterns on soil physical properties in the reservoir riparian zone,and to provide a scientific basis for the study of vegetation-soil feeding and ecological reconstruction in the reservoir riparian zone.[Methods]The natural restoration and artificial restoration of vegetation in the riparian zone of the Heilongtan Reservoir were taken as the research object,soil samples with different altitude gradients and soil depths were collected.The physical properties of soil bulk density,total porosity,mechanical stability aggregates and other physical properties were compared and analyzed by core method and dry sieve method,respectively.[Results]There were significant differences in soil physical properties between artificial restoration and natural restoration vegetation in the 0—20 cm soil layer(p<0.05),in which the soil bulk density of artificial restoration vegetation was 16.97%lower than that of natural restoration vegetation,while the total porosity,saturated water holding capacity and moisture content of soil increased by 35.00%,58.45% and 117.63%,respectively,compared with that of natural restoration vegetation.The content of>5 mm mechanical aggregates in soil under artificial restoration vegetation was significantly higher than that under natural restoration vegetation.Multivariate ANOVA showed that the interaction between restoration pattern and water level elevation had the most obvious impact on soil physical properties than other interactions.Redundancy analysis and correlation analysis showed that the restoration pattern was the main controlling factor for the spatial differentiation of soil physical properties in the riparian zone of the Heilongtan Reservoir.[Conclusion]Artificial vegetation restoration can effectively improve soil physical properties,and it is suggested to carry out artificial vegetation restoration reasonably in the riparian zone of the Heilongtan Reservoir to improve soil quality.