内涵与取径:金源“借才异代”再考察

Connotation and Approach:Further Examination of the Jin Dynasty“Borrowed Talents from the Previous Dynasty to Build a New Dynasty”

为满足疆域不断扩大的国家治理需要,金朝统治者将“借才异代”确立为巩固国家政权的基本国策。然“借才异代”不仅仅指“借”人才,其内涵与取径可梳理为四方面:一是“借”辽、宋图籍文献,二是“借”渤海、辽国、北宋降人,三是“借”汉语为通用语,四是“借”中原的先进文化。通过上述四个路径的努力,金国完成了由部落联盟的奴隶制国家向封建制帝国的转变,实现了少数女真人对大多数汉人、契丹人的统治,也使金代文化、文学获得了高起点。

To meet the needs of continuously expanding the territory of state governance,the rulers of the Jin Dynasty established a basic national policy of borrowing talents from the previous dynasty to build a new dynasty,in order to consolidate national power.However,“borrow”in this basic national policy does not only refer to“borrow”talents,its connotation and approach include the following four aspects.Firstly,“borrowing”books and documents from the Liao and Song dynasties;Secondly,“borrowing”surrendered individuals from Bohai,Liao,and Northern Song dynasties;Thirdly,“borrowing”Chinese as a universal language;Fourthly,“borrowing”the advanced culture of the Central Plains.Through the efforts of the above four paths,the Jin Dynasty completed the transformation from a slave state under tribal alliances to a feudal empire,achieving the rule of a few Jurchen people over the majority of Han and Khitan people,and also achieving a high starting point in Jin Dynasty’s culture and literature.