不同措施对光伏电站风沙环境及土壤的影响

Effects of Different Measures on the Wind and Sand Environment and Soil of Photovoltaic Power Stations

为研究不同措施对光伏电站风沙环境及土壤的影响,在乌兰布和沙漠100 MW光伏项目区内开展了光伏治沙试验研究,并以电站外部流动沙地为对照,对风沙、气象、土壤、植被等指标进行了对比分析。结果表明:光伏阵列自身能够起到显著的防风固沙作用,无沙障无植被的板间、板下输沙量较对照分别降低了54.12%和74.63%;沙障显著削弱了“狭管效应”作用,板间、板下输沙量较对照分别降低了98.59%和97.88%;植被恢复后,土壤中微生物数量增加,粒径组成改善,对于土壤改良、生物多样性恢复发挥关键作用。在3种措施综合影响下,站内较站外输沙量平均降低了98.98%,月均风速降低了2.30 m·s^(-1),月均气温降低了2.05℃,月均空气相对湿度增加了3.94%,呈现出防风固沙和降温增湿的显著特点,实现了较好的生态治理效果。

In order to study the effects of different measures on the wind and sand environment and soil of photovoltaic power stations,an experimental study of photovoltaic sand control was carried out in the 100 MW photovoltaic project area of Ulanbuh Desert,and the indicators of wind and sand,meteorology,soil and vegetation were comparatively analyzed with the flowing sand outside the power station as the control.The results show that the photovoltaic arrays themselves could play a significant role in sand stabilization,and the sand transport between and under the panels without sand barriers and vegetation was reduced by 54.12%and 74.63%,respectively,compared with the control.After the installation of sand barriers,the sediment transport between and under the boards decreased by 98.59%and 97.88%respectively compared to the control,and the sand barrier significantly weakened the"venturi effect".After vegetation restoration,the number of microorganisms in the soil increased and the composition of particle size improved,which played a key role in soil improvement and biodiversity recovery.Under the combined influence of the three measures,the average sand transport in the station was reduced by 98.98%compared with that outside the station,the average monthly wind speed was reduced by 2.30 m.s^(-1),the average monthly air temperature was reduced by 2.05℃,and the average monthly air relative humidity was increased by 3.94%,which showed the significant features of windproof and sand fixation and cooling and humidification,and realized a better ecological management effect.