全国医疗机构临床实验室基本建设情况现状分析

Analysis on the current status in fundamental construction of clinical laboratories in China

目的调查我国医疗机构临床实验室建设基本现状。方法基于Web方式的室间质量评价软件系统,收集所有参加2023年国家卫生健康委临床检验中心室间质量评价的14405个实验室基本信息,包括实验室信息系统(LIS)建设、实验室建筑面积、实验室人员基本情况和开展检验项目情况等。比较各类型实验室不同指标差异。结果14405个实验室中,广东省实验室数占比最高,为10.6%(1533/14405)。有24.5%(3528/14405)的实验室未使用LIS;第三方医学检验实验室建筑面积和工作人员数量分别为1400(850,2196)m^(2)和20(12,35)名,均高于其他类型机构(P均<0.05);不同级别、不同类型医院的实验室建筑面积、工作人员和开展检验项目数量比较,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.01);对医院检验科进一步分析显示,三级医院和综合医院检验科实验室建筑面积分别为1050(600,1800)m^(2)和1000(500,1600)m^(2),工作人员分别为30(19,45)和26(17,39)名,开展检验项目数量分别为287(189,388)和285(198,378)项,均高于其他级别或类型医院检验科实验室(P均<0.05);实验室工作人员教育水平及职称结果显示,硕士及以上学历人员占比为18.2%(52138/286855),高级职称工作人员占比为17.4%(49280/282528)。结论我国不同类型实验室基本建设情况参差不齐,应进一步加强实验室工作人员及信息系统的建设。

Objective To investigate the current status on fundamental construction of clinical laboratories in China.Methods A web-based external quality assessment(EQA)system was used to collect basic information from the clinical laboratories that participated in EQA program of National Center for Clinical Laboratory in 2023.The indicators include the construction of laboratory information systems(LIS),laboratory building area,human resource,and the number of clinical testing item.The comparisons of the indicators between different types of laboratories were tested.Results A total of 14405 clinical laboratories submitted the required information in 2023.Guangdong province accounted for the highest proportion of the numver of laboratories,which is 10.6%(1533/14405).The building area and staff numbers in the independent clinical laboratory were higher than other institutions,which were 1400(850,2196)m^(2)and 20(12,35),respectively.The building areas,the staff numbers and the number of clinical testing item of tertiary hospitals and general hospitals were significantly higher than other hospitals.The building areas of the tertiary hospitals and the general hospitals were respectively 1050(600,1800)m^(2)and 1000(500,1600)m^(2),and the staff numbers were respectively 30(19,45)and 26(17,39).Besides,the number of clinical testing item were 287(189,388)and 285(198,378),respectively.The proportion of staff in hospitals with master′s degrees or higher titles was 18.2%(52138/286855).Meanwhile,17.4%(49280/282528)of the staff had higher academic title.It showed that 24.5%(3528/14405)of the clinical laboratories still have no LIS.Conclusion The fundamental construction in different type of clinical laboratories varied significantly in China.The clinical laboratories should strengthen the construction of information systems and pay more attention to human resources.