2023年济南市7家土砂石开采企业职业卫生状况调查

Survey on occupational health status of 7 soil and sand mining enterprises in Jinan city in 2023

目的探讨济南市土砂石开采企业存在的粉尘、噪声危害程度,为土砂石行业职业卫生状况专项治理提供科学依据。方法2023年4-10月,采集济南市7家土砂石开采企业工作场所内的粉尘沉降尘,进行游离二氧化硅(SiO_(2))含量测定。收集7家土砂石开采企业的工作场所职业病危害因素2022年定期检测报告、职业健康监护等资料进行统计分析。结果2023年济南市土砂石开采企业的游离SiO_(2)含量范围为0.47%~30.10%,矽尘率为28.57%(2/7),凿岩工序的凿岩机、圆盘锯、挖掘机等采样点的游离SiO_(2)含量大于10%。其中1家企业2023年的游离SiO_(2)含量大于10%,凿岩岗位的粉尘浓度超过国家职业卫生标准限值要求,时间加权平均浓度(C_(TWA))为0.72 mg/m^(3),短时间接触浓度(C_(STE))为2.24 mg/m^(3)。2022年定期检测结果显示石灰石粉尘(呼尘)C_(TWA)为0.24~3.07 mg/m^(3),C_(STE)为0.70~5.23 mg/m^(3);凿岩岗位浓度最高,分别为3.07、5.23 mg/m^(3)。2022年定期检测结果显示噪声超标率为12.07%(7/58),凿岩岗位超标率最高,为26.67%;工作场所噪声强度大于90 dB(A)的作业场所有3个,均为凿岩环节检测点。在岗期间职工听力异常率为2.74%(9/328)。结论济南市7家土砂石开采企业中凿岩岗位的粉尘浓度、噪声强度相比其他岗位均较高,装载、凿岩等岗位有劳动者出现听力损失。

Objective To explore the degree of dust and noise hazards in soil and gravel mining enterprises in Jinan city,so as to provide scientific basis for special governance in this industry.Methods From April to October 2023,dust fallout in the workplaces of 9 soil,sand and gravel mining enterprises in Jinan city was collected and the free silica content was determined.Data such as periodic test report of occupational disease hazard factors and occupational health monitoring were collected for statistical analysis.Results In 2023,the free silica content of soil,sand and gravel mining enterprises ranged from 0.47%to 30.10%,the silica dust rate was 28.57%(2/7),and the free silica content of rock drills,circular saws,excavators and other sampling points in the drilling process was greater than 10%.In 2023,the free silica content of 1 enterprise was greater than 10%,and the dust concentration of the drilling position exceeded the national occupational health standard limit requirements,with a time-weighted average concentration(C_(TWA))of 0.72 mg/m^(3) and a short time exposure concentration(C_(STE))of 2.24 mg/m^(3).Periodic test results in 2022 showed that the time-weighted average concentration(C_(TWA))of limestone dust(exhaled dust)ranged from 0.24 to 3.07 mg/m^(3),and the short-time exposure concentration(C_(STE))ranged from 0.70 to 5.23 mg/m^(3).The concentration of drilling position was the highest,3.07 mg/m^(3) and 5.23 mg/m^(3) respectively.The periodic test results in 2022 showed that the noise exceeded the standard rate of 12.07%(7/58),and the drilling position exceeded the standard rate of 26.67%.There were 3 workplaces with noise intensity greater than 90 dB(A),all of which were drilling process detection points.The hearing abnormality rate was 2.74%(9/328).Conclusion The dust concentration and noise intensity in the rock drilling positions of 7 soil,sand and gravel mining enterprises in Jinan city are relatively high compared to other positions.Workers in loading,rock drilling and other positions have all experienced hearing loss.