秦简所见“从户”新诠——兼论新地的“编户化”治理

A Discussion of the Household Registration Process in the Frontier of the Qin Dynasty

秦简所见“从户”与“从人”关系密切。“从户”并非“从人”中具有户籍身份的户籍,而是受“从人”牵连的“从人属、舍人”中的不当收者、迁者以及除罪者编制而成的户籍。随着“徙输坐从人者为口”诏令颁布,“坐从人”可变为承担租赋之“口”,其编制的户籍也为“从户”。“从户”即“从人”的跟从者、随从者之户,秦通过构建这一户籍类别,逐步将受“从人”牵连的相关人员纳入新地户籍管理,“从户”成为秦代洞庭郡迁陵县承担租赋的主体。“从户”短暂存在于秦代,随着户籍制度逐渐完善,这一户籍类别最终消失。

Conghu(从户)and congren(从人)seen in the Qin Bamboo Slips were tightly connected.Conghu refers to the registered households connected to congren,people with backgrounds of former nobilities of the six states who were involved in anti Qin activities.These households obtained their registration status after relocation or exoneration.By taking conghu into the household registration system,the Qin transformed both congren and conghu into taxpayers especially in the newly conquered areas.In Qianling County and Dongting County during the Qin Dynasty,conghu became the major group bearing the burden of tax and levies.Conghu existed briefly during the Qin dynasty and eventually disappeared from the household registration system.