渊源、脉络与流派:新制度主义政治学理论述评——兼论加快发展中国特色制度政治学

Sources,Context and Schools:a Review of the Theory of New Institutionalism Politics——Also on Accelerating the Development of Institutional Politics with China Characteristics

在国家治理与政治发展的历史长河中,政治制度对于规范政治行为、塑造政治格局、调整政治关系、供给政治发展动力起到了不可或缺的作用。从古代政治学的渊源到现代政治学的推进,制度政治学始终是政治学大厦的核心支柱。作为日趋成熟的理论范式,新制度主义政治学在与旧制度主义、行为主义对话的基础上拓宽政治科学视野,为理解和揭示政治现象及其内在规律提供了有效的分析工具与方法。伴随着理论议题的更新,新制度主义政治学呈现出理性选择制度主义、社会学制度主义、历史制度主义持续深化发展、建构制度主义作为新兴流派不断拓展创新的理论图景,四大流派在内部向度上不断深化发展,并在外部向度上迈向整合创新。把制度建设摆在更加突出位置是新时代改革开放的一个鲜明特征,坚持以制度建设为主线是进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化的重要原则。立足中国政治实践,加快发展中国特色制度政治学,有利于为推进国家治理现代化和发展全过程人民民主贡献原创性、时代性的制度理论。

In the long history of national governance and political development,the political system has played an indispensable role in regulating political behavior,shaping political pattern,adjusting political relations and supplying political development impetus.From the origin of ancient political science to the transition of modern political science,institutional political science has always been the core pillar of the political science building.As a mature theoretical paradigm,new institutional politics broadens the horizon of political science on the basis of dialogue with old institutionalism and behaviorism,and provides effective analytical tools and methods for understanding and revealing political phenomena and their internal laws.With the renewal of theoretical topics,new institutional politics presents a theoretical picture that rational choice institutionalism,sociological institutionalism,historical institutionalism continue to deepen and develop,and constructive institutionalism continues to expand and innovate as a new school.The four schools continue to deepen and develop in the internal dimension and move towards integration and innovation in the external dimension.Putting system construction in a more prominent position is a distinctive feature of reform and opening up in the new era,and adhering to system construction as the main line is an important principle to further comprehensively deepen reform,promote and expand Chinese-style modernization.Based on China’s political practice,accelerating the development of institutional politics with China characteristics is conducive to contributing original and contemporary institutional theory to the modernization of state governance and the development of whole-process people’s democracy.