作为本质直观基础的含混统一性——论胡塞尔本质直观方法中的边界问题

Zwittereinheit as a Basis for Eidetic Variation——On the Boundary Problem in Husserl’s Method of Eidetic Variation

本质直观方法是胡塞尔建构现象学大厦的基础性方法,正是在本质直观中我们才把握到了区别于经验一般性的纯粹本质一般性。但是该方法的有效性面临着广泛的讨论和批评,其中边界问题是批评者们对本质直观所提出的最多以及最为严重的质疑。在考察了边界问题的来源及意义后,笔者指出边界来源于“经验类型”的一般性,这种一般性的作用具体表现为一种“经验类型”的预期作用。为了超越经验类型的边界获得真正的本质、避免认识论的循环,胡塞尔在晚期的《经验与判断》一书中提出了一个奇特的“含混统一性”概念作为本质直观的真正基础,借助这一概念,本质直观方法才能最终克服边界的束缚从而把握到纯粹本质。

The method of Eidetic Variation is Husserl’s foundational method for constructing the phenomenological edifice,and it is in Eidetic Variation that we grasp the purely essential generality that distinguishes it from empirical generality.However,the validity of this method has been widely discussed and criticized,among which the boundary problem is the most frequently and seriously questioned by critics about Eidetic Variation.After examining the origin and significance of the boundary problem,the author points out that the boundary originates from the generality of“empirical type”,and the role of this generality is specifically manifested as the expected role of an“empirical type”.In order to transcend the boundary of empirical types to get the real essence and avoid the epistemological cycle,Husserl put forward a peculiar concept of“Zwittereinheit”as the real foundation of Eidetic Variation in his late book Erfahrung Und Urteil,with the help of which,the method of Eidetic Variation can finally overcome the boundaries of the boundary and thus grasp the pure essence.