我国农民教育制度的历史脉络、演变逻辑与变迁动力——基于历史制度主义的分析

Historical Context,Evolutionary Logic and Change Dynamics of Peasant Education System in China——An Analysis Based on Historical Institutionalism

农民教育从不是一项简单的启智开蒙活动,其更具有重要的政治意义和社会属性。新中国成立以来,党和国家致力于以农民教育为抓手推进农民现代化并助力国家现代化发展。作为农民教育的基础,农民教育制度的确立落实与国家发展同步,先后经历了以促进新生国家认同为目标的确立发展期、以服务国家整体建设为宗旨的渐进推行期、以培养现代农民能力为重点的改革提升期和以培育新时代乡村发展新主体为导向的优化构建期四个阶段。不同阶段,制度的具体表现不同,但坚持党政主导、高度关注思想政治教育和职业技术教育贯穿于制度发展的全过程。从变迁动力看,环境变化、观念转变以及不同行动主体的推动相互影响,形成制度变迁的动力来源,推进了农民教育制度的发展。

Peasant education is never a simple enlightenment activity,it has more important political significance and social attributes.Since the founding of New China,the Party and the State have devoted themselves to promoting the modernization of peasants and assisting the development of the country with peasant education.As the foundation of peasant education,the establishment and implementation of the peasant education system has been in sync with the development of the country.It has gone through four stages:the establishment of development period to promote national identity,the gradual implementation period for the purpose of promoting national construction,the reform and development period for the purpose of cultivating the ability of modern peasants and the optimization and construction period for the purpose of cultivating new subjects of rural development in the new era.Different stages of the system have different concrete performances,but adhere to the leadership of the Party,ideological and political education and vocational skills education throughout the whole process of institution building.From the perspective of change dynamics,the change of environment,the change of concept and the impetus of different subjects together constitute the dynamic source of institutional change and promote the development of the peasant education system.