主动应对“X疾病”、筑牢国门生物安全屏障的思考

Thoughts on taking the initiative to deal with"Disease X"and building a strong biosafety barrier

WHO多次呼吁各国为应对“X疾病”暴发提前谋划。从病原微生物的特性、人类活动和反常气候影响、生物技术发展带来的潜在风险等多种因素分析来看,“X疾病”的发生不可避免。近年来,我国的公共卫生体系建设得到了进一步完善,但在未知传染病早期识别、及时预警、快速反应和技术储备等领域均有提升空间。因此,建议在国家层面扩大传染病监测内容、对象、口径、渠道,构建覆盖人体、动物、媒介、环境微生物的基因大数据库,科技赋能病原体风险评估,建设更灵敏、更智能的传染病监测预警平台,加强疫苗和药物前瞻性研究等。通过从监测关口、检测窗口、“X病原体”评估、风险预警和技术储备的“五前移”入手,有效提升我国“X疾病”应对能力。国境口岸作为传染病跨境传播的第一道关口,亟须加强疫情疫病监测国际合作和联合风险评估,将口岸传染病防控纳入国家防控体系统一谋划,同时加大口岸一线病原体检测技术储备,全面强化未知病原体监测、识别、预警能力,筑牢国家生物安全屏障。

The World Health Organization(WHO)has repeatedly called on countries to plan ahead for the outbreak of"Disease X".Analysis from various factors such as the characteristics of pathogenic microorganisms,the impact of human activities and abnormal climate,and the potential risks brought by the development of biotechnology shows that the occurrence of"Disease X"is inevitable.In recent years,the construction of our country's public health system has been further improved,but there is still room for improvement in the early identification,timely warning,rapid response,and technical reserves.Therefore,it is recommended to expand the content,objects,caliber,and channels of infectious disease monitoring at the national level,build a large database of genes covering human,animal,vector,and environmental microorganisms,empower pathogen risk assessment with technology,and build a more sensitive and intelligent infectious disease monitoring and early warning platform,and strengthen forward-looking research on vaccines and drugs.By advancing the"five fronts"-monitoring checkpoints,detection windows,"pathogen X"assessments,risk warnings,and technical reserves,we can effectively enhance China's ability to respond to"Disease X".As the first line of defense against cross-border transmission of infectious diseases,international border ports need to urgently strengthen international cooperation in epidemic disease surveillance and joint risk assessment,integrate port infectious disease prevention and control into the national prevention and control system,increase the technical reserves of pathogen detection at the frontline of ports,comprehensively strengthen the monitoring,identification,and early warning capabilities of unknown pathogens,and strengthen the national biosafety barrier.