传统村落居民非遗日常生活实践中情感交换模式演变过程及机制——以皇都村侗族大歌为例

Evolution Process and Mechanism of Traditional Village Residents'Emotional Exchange Mode in the Daily Life Practice of Intangible Cultural Heritage:A Case Study of Huangdu Kam Grand Choirs

随着中国乡村振兴战略的推进,传统村落居民的情感受到越来越多学者的关注,而传统村落非物质文化遗产是其居民情感的重要载体,传统村落城镇化、旅游化的过程中,其非物质文化遗产承载的情感及其交换模式也在不断的演变。文章基于日常生活实践理论,以皇都村侗族大歌为案例,采用半结构化访谈和参与式观察等质性研究方法,通过构建“日常生活实践-情感交换”的分析框架,探讨传统村落居民在非遗日常生活实践中情感交换模式的演变过程及动力机制。研究发现:1)根据侗族大歌实践中的权力博弈演变,可将皇都村日常生活实践分为4个阶段:原始平衡阶段、被动妥协阶段、主动抵制阶段、融合再生阶段;2)皇都村居民非遗日常生活实践中情感交换模式的演变经过从互惠型依次向一般型、协商型和生产型转变的过程;3)传统村落居民非遗日常实践中情感交换模式演变具有系统性,外缘系统的演变推动内核系统调适,推动力、牵引力和支撑力构成其演变的动力机制。情感交换模式的演变过程展现居民在面对非遗资本化时的抵制策略与情感调适过程,对非遗保护实践中情感治理具有借鉴意义。

In the context of globalization,the reconstruction of material spaces and the evolution of social relations have accelerated the loss of emotions in traditional villages.Intangible heritage can play an important role in the emotional maintenance of traditional villages as an emotional carrier for its residents.Previous studies have been less involved in the synergistic relationship between the interactive game of power subjects and the evolution of emotions in the practice of intangible heritage.Particularly,research on the evolution of the emotional exchange mode is insufficient.Taking the Dong minority chorus of Huangdu Village as an example,this study adopts qualitative research methods,such as semi-structured interviews and participant observation,to construct an analytical framework of"daily life practice-emotional exchange",and to deeply explore the evolution process and motivational mechanism of the emotional exchange mode in the daily life practice of traditional village residents.The study found that:1)According to the changes in the subject and relationship,motive and mode,resource and situation,perception and experience of emotional exchange in the natural,livelihood,institutional,and spiritual dimensions,the daily life practice of Huangdu Village can be divided into four stages:primitive equilibrium,passive compromising,active resisting,and regenerating.2)In the process of intangible cultural heritage practices,the manipulation of capital and the suppression of power have broken the original balance of Huangdu Village,and the division of power and status among subjects has squeezed the living spaces of local residents,forcing them to become involved in power struggles.They resist the control of the"other"by means of physical empowerment and restatement of the local subjectivity,and ultimately strike a balance of power within the village.In the daily practice of intangible cultural heritage,the mode of residents'emotional exchange changes from reciprocity to general negotiation and production modes.3)Emotional exchanges in traditional villages are produced during power struggles between residents and other subjects.When power is balanced,residents master the discourse of intangible cultural heritage and produce positive emotions such as attachment and belonging.When residents are suppressed by power and capital,they gradually lose discourse and produce negative emotions,such as a sense of crisis and separation.4)The evolution of emotional exchange modes in the daily practices of traditional village residents is systematic.The evolution of the outer system pushes the kernel system to adapt,and the driving,pulling,and supporting forces promote the synergistic evolution of"daily life―emotional exchange―intangible cultural heritage practice"in Huangdu village.The evolution of emotional exchange patterns during the practice of the Dong minority chorus in Huangdu Village was an inevitable process for reconstructing the cultural subjectivity of local residents in the context of tourism development.Exploring emotional exchange patterns at different stages of daily life practices can help understand the developmental law of traditional villages and provide useful references for its emotional governance and sustainable development.