仿生身体:技术、残疾与后人类主义

The Bionic Body:Technology,Disability and Posthumanism

历史上,无论是从社会、文化、经济和法律等层面实施“他者化”,还是对(基于种族、生理/社会性别的)“下等”身份污名化、对差异性去规范化,残疾和“残疾化”过程始终内在于此类实践的结构性方法中。仿生技术的发展对当代媒体文化中的残疾表征产生了重大影响,与此同时,残疾身体的当代表征也同样影响了有关“人类”和“非人类”范畴的彼此界限的认知变化。随着技术进步,在后人类主义、残疾研究和仿生学的交叉地带诞生了后人类残疾批判研究,它试图理清人类增强技术的伦理、法律及哲学边界,为人类权利、物种的权利等级、知觉、生死等议题引入新的概念理解。后人类残疾批判研究可以为第四次工业革命背景下的批判理论的未来发展开辟新的空间,可以为我们提供一个更加广泛的框架,去重新概念化我们“杂交性”的后人类未来,在那个未来,我们将不可避免地与那些重新定义了自然存在的等级体系的机器们共存。

Historically,disability and the process of“disabling”the other has been intrinsic to the structural methods of social,cultural,economic,and legal“othering”and stigmatization of subaltern identities,de-normativization of difference,whether based on race,gender,or sexuality.The recent advancements in bionic technology have had a significant impact on the representation of the disabled in contemporary media culture,and,in turn,the contemporary representations of the disabled body have affected the changing boundaries of what is and what is not considered“human”.With technological progress,at the crossroads of posthumanism,disability,and biomimicry,it has developed what we can now call critical posthuman disability studies,a field well-equipped to further untangle and reconceptualize the ethical,legal,and philosophical boundaries of human enhancement,species belonging,life and death,and human rights.Critical posthuman disability studies can become instrumental in charting future paths for critical theory in the age of the Fourth Industrial Revolution,and provide a framework for how we reconceptualize our posthuman,hybrid future in which our existence with the machines that redefine previous hierarchies is inevitable.