执源治理视阈下民事调解自动履行贫困化的消解理路

Resolution Approaches of the Impoverishment of Initiative Performance of Civil Mediation from the Perspective of Enforcement-source Governance

司法实践中民事调解自动履行率低、进入强制执行比例高的现象揭示出民事调解自动履行贫困化问题,也是诉源治理效果未能有效延伸到执源治理的集中体现。基于民事调解的契约属性,以关系契约、心理契约及智能合约为支点,形构“依约基础—守约中心—履约趋势”契约理论分析框架,提出消解自动履行贫困化的实现路径:第一,强化当事人自治与优化调解协议司法确认程序,形成客观依约的关系契约的显性消解;第二,采用治疗型调解模式,完善调解信用机制,塑造主动守约的心理契约的隐性消解;第三,嵌入智能合约,实现调解的自主履行与自动执行的履约趋势的技治消解。由此,进一步提出执源治理观,从源头减少执行的案件数量,从根本降低进入执行的案件比例,实现诉源治理与执源治理的协同共进。

The phenomenon of the low rate of the initiative performance of civil mediation and the high proportion of enforcement in judicial practice reveals the question of the impoverishment,which is a concentrated manifestation of the fact that the effect of“litigation-source governance”has not been effectively extended to“enforcement-source governance”.Based on the contractual attributes of civil mediation,it is proposed to take the relational contract,psychological contract and smart contract as supporting points,and form the contract-theoretical analysis framework of“basis of adherence-center of commitment-trend of performance”,presenting resolution approaches towards impoverishment of initiative performance of mediation.Firstly,by strengthening party autonomy and optimizing the judicial confirmation procedure for mediation agreement,explicit resolution of relational contract of objective adherence is formed;secondly,adopting the therapeutic mediation model and improving the credit mechanism of mediation,the implicit resolution of the psychological contract of commitment is shaped;thirdly,embedding the smart contract,the technocratic resolution of the trend of compliance is realized through the proactive fulfillment and automatic execution of mediation.From this,it is proposed that,a perspective of enforcement-source governance is offered so as to reduce the number of enforcement cases at their origin and fundamentally lower the proportion of such cases,achieving a synergy and concerted advancement of source governance in litigation and enforcement.