果树穴贮砖对南疆沙地土壤改良及温室石榴生长的影响

Effects of Fruit Tree Hole Storage Bricks on Soil Improvement and Greenhouse Pomegranate Growth in Sandy Land of Southern Xinjiang

为探究南疆温室沙地土壤条件下长效实用的水肥保持方法,以3年生‘突尼斯’软籽石榴为试材,设置无果树穴贮砖(CK)、施加果树穴贮砖A(T1)和果树穴贮砖B(T2)共3个处理,于2021—2022年连续两年测定土壤理化性质以及石榴生长的动态变化。结果表明:两年试验施加两种果树穴贮砖(T1、T2)均显著提升了20~40 cm土层土壤有效磷、速效钾、碱解氮以及全氮含量,其中有效磷含量在2021年和2022年分别提升了23.64%、26.13%和18.85%、13.90%,速效钾含量分别提升了7.56%、8.57%和4.91%、5.29%,碱解氮含量分别提升了22.97%、22.53%和16.88%、14.85%;同时施加两种果树穴贮砖显著增加了20~60 cm土层土壤含水量,显著降低了0~80 cm土层土壤p H。与CK相比,2021年和2022年T1、T2处理在花后80 d石榴新梢和叶柄的生长量均有显著增长,其中新梢长度分别增长了27.30%、29.21%和31.84%、25.37%,新梢粗度分别增长了17.25%、9.25%和16.03%、13.74%,叶柄长度分别增长了0.78、0.83 mm和0.62、0.51 mm,叶柄粗度分别增长了0.44、0.28 mm和0.39、0.27 mm,整体以T1处理效果较好。综上,施加果树穴贮砖可促进南疆沙地土壤养分稳定供给,大幅增加土壤含水量的同时降低土壤碱度,最终显著促进温室石榴生长,可作为南疆温室果树栽培保持水肥的推荐技术。

In order to explore the long-term and practical method of water and fertilizer conservation under soil conditions of greenhouse sandy land in Southern Xinjiang,three-year-old‘Tunis’soft-seed pomegranate was used as the test material,and three treatments were set up:no fruit tree hole storage brick(CK),fruit tree hole storage brick A(T1)and fruit tree hole storage brick B(T2).Soil physiochemical properties and the changes of pomegranate growth were measured from 2021 to 2022.The results showed that the application of two kinds of fruit tree hole storage bricks(T1,T2)significantly increased the contents of available phosphorus,available potassium,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and total nitrogen in 20–40 cm soil layer in two years.In 2021 and 2022,the contents of available phosphorus increased by 23.64%,26.13%and 18.85%,13.90%respectively,the contents of available potassium increased by 7.56%,8.57%and 4.91%,5.29%,and the content of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen increased by 22.97%,22.53%and 16.88%,14.85%.Meanwhile,the application of two kinds of fruit tree storage bricks significantly increased the soil water content in 20–60 cm soil layer and significantly reduced the soil pH in 0–80 cm soil layer.Compared with CK,the growth of new shoots and petioles of pomegranate treated with T1 and T2 at 80 days after flowering increased significantly in 2021 and 2022.The length of new shoots increased by 27.30%,29.21%and 31.84%,25.37%,respectively.The thickness of new shoots increased by 17.25%,9.25%and 16.03%,13.74%,respectively.The petiole length increased by 0.78,0.83 mm and 0.62,0.51 mm,respectively.The petiole diameter increased by 0.44,0.28 mm and 0.39,0.27 mm respectively,and the overall effect of T1 was better.In summary,fruit tree hole storage bricks can promote the stable supply of soil nutrients in the sandy land of Southern Xinjiang,greatly increase soil moisture content while reducing soil alkalinity,and finally significantly promote the growth of greenhouse pomegranate,thus,can be used as a recommended technology for maintaining water and fertilizer in greenhouse fruit tree cultivation in Southern Xinjiang.