“中国债务陷阱论”海外涉华负面舆论的叙事批判

An Analysis of“China's Debt Trap Diplomacy”:Its Fallacy and Essences

作为开放包容的经济合作倡议,“一带一路”倡议为区域经济增长注入了新的活力,得到了越来越多国家的认同和参与。而自2017年起,国际舆论频繁地使用“中国债务陷阱论”等话语,肆意将“一带一路”倡议泛政治化、污名化,对“一带一路”倡议的继续推进产生了巨大负面影响。事实上,“中国债务陷阱论”与其说是一种基于现实的批判,不如说是一种由美化西方利益相关方生产、建构、传播的叙事,经由概念捕捉、语境抽离、事实裁剪、因果重构、隐喻生产、符号传播等环节,实现“中国债务陷阱论”叙事的概念化、叙述化与符号化。而这种虚幻妄构充分体现了经济叙事与政治叙事相嵌套、主权国家叙事与国际政治叙事相轮转、他者叙事与主体叙事相交融的本质与逻辑。因此,中国欲求破局,当首先还原语境,实现“债务陷阱”叙事解构;其次呈现事实,拓宽舆论反击的媒介阵地;最后不断推进“一带一路”建设,筑牢话语权建构的命运共同体,从而使“一带一路”建设行稳致远。

The Belt and Road(B&R),as an open and inclusive economic cooperation initiative,has been injected with new vitality for regional economic growth and participated by more and more countries.However,since 2017,the international public opinion,using discourse as“China's Debt Trap Diplomacy”,arbitrarily politicized and stigmatized the B&R,which has had a huge negative impact.Actually,the related charges are not true.On the one hand,the causes of the sovereign debt problem are complex,and when it comes to the judgment of whether a country is falling into a debt trap,it requires a long term judgment.Therefore“China's Debt Trap Diplomacy”lacks its scientific nature.On the other hand,the relevant queries cannot prove that the debt problem of the host country is directly related to the B&R project construction,also China's government has never shown its intention of political manipulation by economic means.In essence,“China's Debt Trap Diplomacy”is kind of discourse deliberately constructed by Western media and politicians.It originates from the strategic anxiety of the United States,India and other countries about China's rise,and is also influenced by the political game and party politics of the host countries.Therefore,for China,first is to restore the contextual framework and deconstruct the narrative of the“debt trap”;secondly is to present the facts and broaden the media fronts for countering public opinion;and finally,continuously advance the construction of the B B&R,solidify the community with a shared future for the construction of discourse power,so as to make the construction of the B&R stable and far-reaching.