不同土壤肥力下苏北水蜜桃最佳有机肥用量研究

Study on Optimum Amount of Organic Fertilizer for Honey Peach Production under Different Soil Fertility in North Jiangsu Province

本研究以国家地理标志性农产品苏北新沂水蜜桃为供试材料,选取当地低肥力和中等肥力土壤果园的代表性地块,以常规施肥为对照,研究在化肥减量25%的基础上增施不同用量有机肥(30、45、60、75 t/hm^(2))对新沂水蜜桃产量、品质、经济效益、土壤理化性质及肥料利用效率等的影响,以期为新沂水蜜桃果园的有机肥施用提供技术指导。结果表明,在两种基础肥力不同的土壤上,增施有机肥较常规施肥水蜜桃均表现出增产提质的趋势。综合成本核算后,与常规施肥相比,在中等肥力土壤上,增施60 t/hm^(2)有机肥可获得最大的经济收益(增加8100元/hm^(2));而在低肥力土壤上,增施有机肥较常规施肥经济效益降低,这种相对亏损随着有机肥施用量的增加而递减。推测增施超过60 t/hm^(2)的有机肥或连续多年施有机肥有望获得更大的经济效益。无论是何种基础肥力土壤,当年增施有机肥在提高水蜜桃产量与品质、改善土壤理化性质方面均表现出潜力,推测这种改善效益可能通过连续多年施用有机肥来显著体现。这两个推测均有待于进一步验证。

In this study,the Xinyi honey peach,a national geographical landmark agricultural product in north Jiangsu,was used as material,and the local orchards with lower-and medium-fertility soils were select-ed as representative plots.The effects of adding different amounts of organic fertilizer(30,45,60,75 t/hm^(2))on the basis of reducing 25%chemical fertilizer application on yield,quality,economic benefit,soil physical and chemical properties and fertilizer use efficiency of Xinyi honey peach were studied using conventional ferti-lization mode as control,hoping to provide technical guidance for organic fertilizer application in orchards of Xinyi honey peach.The results showed that under the two types of soil with different basic fertility,the appli-cation of organic fertilizer showed a trend of increasing peach yield and quality compared to the conventional fertilization mode.After comprehensive cost accounting,compared to the conventional fertilization,adding 60 t/hm^(2)organic fertilizer could achieve the maximum economic benefit(increasing 8100 yuan per hectare)in the medium-fertility soil.While in the lower-fertility soil,the economic benefit decreased in organic fertilizer adding treatments compared with conventional fertilization mode,and the relative loss decreased with the in-crease of organic fertilizer application amount.It was speculated that adding more than 60 t/hm^(2)organic fertil-izer or continuously applying organic fertilizer for many years be expected to achieve greater economic benefit.Regardless of the soil fertility,adding organic fertilizer performed potential in improving yield and quality of honey peach and soil physical and chemical properties for the year,and it was speculated that the benefit of this improvement might be significantly achieved by continuous application of organic fertilizer for many years.Both of the above speculations need further validation.