新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎与肠道菌群的研究进展

Research progress on neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis and intestinal flora

新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎(necrotizing enterocolitis,NEC)常见于早产儿和低出生体质量儿,是新生儿重症监护病房中发病率及死亡率最高的疾病。NEC在早产儿、低出生体质量儿中常起病隐匿,进展迅速,在新生儿早期即造成患儿死亡或存在严重后遗症。目前,已有多项研究证实,肠道菌群与NEC的发生有密切关系,在NEC发作之前,婴幼儿粪便菌中变形菌门的相对丰度增加,而厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门降低;低菌群多样性、低乳杆菌属丰度及菌群网络结构的变化与早产儿的NEC风险呈正相关。因此了解NEC患儿小肠内菌群分布特点对于疾病的预防、诊断和治疗具有重要作用。深入研究小肠菌群与NEC的相互作用关系,为NEC的进一步研究提供理论依据。

Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC)was common in premature infants and low birth weight infants,which was the disease with the highest morbidity and mortality in neonatal intensive care units.NEC often had an insidious onset and rapid progression in premature infants and low birth weight infants,causing death or serious sequelae in the early neonatal period.Currently,many studies had confirmed that intestinalflora was closely related to the occurrence of NEC.Before the onset of NEC,the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in infant fecal bacteria increases,while Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes decrease;lowflora diversity,low Lactobacillus abundance,and changes in flora network structure were positively correlated with the risk of NEC in premature infants.Therefore,understanding the distribution characteristics of intestinalflora in children with NEC was important for prevention,diagnosis,and treatment of the disease.In-depth study of the interaction between intestinalflora and NEC provides a theoretical basis for further research on NEC.