新兴网络问候构式的体认社会语言学阐释

An Embodied-Cognitive Sociolinguistic Account of Viral Online Greeting Construction

2020年年底,一类以“早安,打工人!”为原型构例的新兴网络问候构式在青年群体的微博或微信朋友圈中出现,其虽有寒暄问候语之形,表达的却是自我调侃之义,具有构式特征。构式语法此前较多关注语法构式,对特定人群使用的构式变体和构式存储的社会信息关注不多。本文基于体认社会语言学的相关论述,首先从社会生态角度(即行动的自我、朋友圈受众和社会事件)出发,细化了体认原则,并基于此首次详细归纳了新兴网络问候的构式信息,揭示了其流行和能产的体认动因。研究发现,该构式具有建构言者临时社会身份的功能,其原型构式义的产生可归结为“主体-自我”分离式类属隐喻、场景转喻、虚实对比和听众角色识解等4种体认方式。本文认为,体认社会语言学的初衷和语言变异研究的第三次浪潮在学理和目标上具有一致性。

Toward the end of 2020,a novel online greeting construction,instantiated by“Good morning,Laborers!”went viral on Weibo or WeChat Moments of the young netizen group.Despite its superficial form of greeting,this construction serves both self-and in-group banter functions.As its syntactic and semantic features cannot be indicated from its components or from existing linguistic structures,it can only be stored as a construction in the speakers’mental grammar.Classic construction grammar research has extensively explored grammatical constructions;however,emphasis on the constructional variations used by specific social groups is lacking,and the social information stored in these constructions has seldom been addressed.Drawing on insights from Embodied Cognitive Sociolinguistics(ECS),this paper begins by refining the embodied principles of linguistic structures from a socioecological perspective,encompassing the self in action,the audience in the virtual friends’circle,and prevailing societal events.Subsequently,based on these principles,it systematically describes the constructional information stored in viral online greeting construction and explores the factors that contribute to its popularity and productivity.This study found that online viral construction mainly serves the purpose of temporarily constructing the speaker’s social identity.Its meaning-making mechanism can be attributed to four embodiedcognitive operations:the generic metaphor of split“subject-self”,scenario metonymy,the contrast of virtual-real situations,and the construal of audience roles.It also claims that ECS aligns with the foundational principles of the third wave of language variation research in terms of its theoretical underpins and research goals.