生态脆弱区县域生态系统服务综合管控分区模拟与优化——以陕西陇县为例

Simulation and Optimization of Zoning and Management of County Ecosystem Services in Ecologically Fragile Areas——Taking Long County of Shaanxi Province as an Example

[目的]明晰生态脆弱区县域单元内多元生态系统服务时空分异特征与综合管控路径,对维护区域生态安全,践行生态文明战略有重要意义。[方法]以陕西陇县为例,评估县域空间2000年、2010年、2020年5项关键生态系统服务物质量值,识别服务供给高值区及权衡关系、权衡协同变化趋势;结合OWA方法,筛选出综合最优的管控情景并给出优化建议。[结果](1) 2000—2020年,县域多项服务整体呈现出上升趋势;(2)生境质量的高值聚集区分布与自然保护地位置一致;土壤保持和水源涵养热点区主要分布于南北部林草高覆盖区域;食物供给的热点区沿千河主河道分布。(3)生态休闲与食物供给服务在东南镇、温水镇、天成镇权衡空间扩张较为明显。水源涵养和生境质量的协同空间在西南部呈扩大趋势。(4)选取能够响应“供给高值区、权衡协同变化区”管控需求的模拟情景9作为最优管控模式,其中管控优先级最高的“关键保护与修复区”占县域面积的13.9%。[结论]生态脆弱区县域生态系统服务管控不仅应注重对服务供给高值地区的保护,还应关注局部服务权衡加剧、协同减弱的现象,适时调控地域发展导向,探索综合可持续管控模式。

[Objective] The aims of this study is to explore the spatiotemporal differentiation characteristics and comprehensive management points of multiple ecosystem services within county units in ecologically fragile areas,which is of great significance to maintaining regional ecological security and implementing the ecological civilization strategy.[Methods] Long County,Shaanxi Province was taken as an example.The quality values of five key ecosystem services in 2000,2010,and 2020 were systematically evaluated.High-value service supply areas,pairwise trade-off relationships,and changing trends were identified.The OWA method was applied to identify the optimal management scenario to provide improvement suggestions.[Results](1) From 2000 to 2020,multiple services showed an overall upward trend.(2) High-value clustering areas of habitat quality were incompatible with the existing protected areas.The areas with high values of soil conservation and water conservation mainly distributed in the areas with high forest and grass coverage in the north and south.(3) The trade-off spatial expansion of ecological leisure and food supply services was more obvious in Southeast Town,Wenshui Town,and Tiancheng Town.The synergies between water conservation and habitat quality in the southwest exhibited an expanding trend.(4) Among the simulated scenarios,Scenario 9,capable of responding to the demand for managing high-value supply areas and trade-off synergies,is chosen as the optimal management model.Within this model,the highest management priority ‘Critical Protection and Restoration Zones' covers 13.9% of the county′s area.[Conclusion] Management of ecosystem services in ecologically fragile areas at the county level should focus not only on protecting high-value service supply areas but also on addressing the exacerbated local service trade-offs and the diminished synergies.Timely adjustments in regional development orientations and the exploration of comprehensive sustainable management models are imperative.