斜外侧椎间融合术联合椎体螺钉内固定治疗腰椎特异性感染的中长期疗效观察

Long-term efficacy of oblique lateral interbody fusion combined with vertebral screw fixation for the treatment of lumbar specific infection

目的:探讨斜外侧椎间融合术(oblique lateral interbody fusion,OLIF)治疗腰椎特异性感染的中长期疗效。方法:自2017年10月至2021年1月,采用OLIF联合椎体螺钉内固定术治疗24例腰椎特异性感染患者,其中男15例,女9例;年龄27~61(43.0±15.0)岁;病程6~24(14.0±7.0)个月;L2-L37例,L3-L412例,L4-L55例;结核感染19例,布氏杆菌感染5例。记录患者术中出血量、手术时间、并发症,比较术前及术后1个月红细胞沉降率(erythrocyte sedimentation rate,ESR)、C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)、视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)、日本骨科协会(Japanese Orthopaedic Association,JOA)评分和美国脊柱损伤协会(American Spinal Injury Association,ASIA)分级。结果:所有患者获得随访,时间9~24(13.0±6.0)个月。手术时间(132.5±21.4)min,术中出血量(227.3±43.1)ml。ESR、CRP分别由术前的(82.34±18.62)mmol·h^(-1)、(53.08±21.84)mg·L^(-1),降低至术后1个月的(33.52±17.31)mmol·h^(-1)、(15.48±8.36)mg·L^(-1)(P<0.05)。VAS由术前的(7.52±1.36)分降至术后1个月的(1.74±0.87)分(P<0.05)。JOA评分由术前的(17.86±3.95)分提高至术后1个月的(24.72±3.19)分(P<0.05)。术前4例有神经症状,ASIA分级为D级,术后1个月全部恢复为E级。术后1例出现腰大肌受损,3周后恢复正常。1例出现腹胀,排便困难,予胃肠减压、灌肠后缓解。所有患者未出现腹腔脏器损伤、切口愈合不良等并发症。结论:OLIF联合椎体螺钉内固定是治疗腰椎特异性感染的一种新的微创手术方式,特别是病灶位于中段腰椎,具有创伤小、手术时间短、出血量少、操作方便、病灶清除彻底、安全有效的优点,对于腰椎特异性感染具有良好的中长期疗效。

Objective To explore medium and long term efficacy of oblique lateral interbody fusion(OLIF)in treating lumbar specific infection.Methods From October 2017 to January 2021,24 patients with lumbar specific infection were treated by OLIF combined with vertebral screw internal fixation,including 15 males and 9 females,aged from 27 to 61 years old with an average of(43.0±15.0)years old;the courses of disease ranged from 6 to 24 months with an average of(14.0±7.0)months;7 patients with L2-L3,12 patients with L3-L4 and 5 patients with L4-L5;19 patients with tuberculosis infection and 5 patients with brucella infection.The amount of intraoperative blood loss,operative time and complications were recorded,and erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR),C-reactive protein(CRP),visual analogue scale(VAS),Japanese Orthopaedic Association(JOA)score and American Spinal Injury Association(ASIA)rating were compared before and one month after opertaion.Results All patients were followed up from 9 to 24 months with an average of(13.0±6.0)months.Operative time was(132.5±21.4)min,and intraoperative blood loss was(227.3±43.1)ml.ESR and CRP were decreased from(82.34±18.62)mmol·h^(-1)and(53.08±21.84)mg·L^(-1)before operation to(33.52±17.31)mmol·h^(-1)and(15.48±8.36)mg·L^(-1)at one month after operation,respectively(P<0.05).VAS was decreased from(7.52±1.36)before opertaion to(1.74±0.87)at one month after operation(P<0.05).JOA was increased from(17.86±3.95)before operation to(24.72±3.19)at one month after operation(P<0.05).Four patients had neurological symptoms before operation,and were classified to grade D according to ASIA classifica tion,who were recovered to grade E at 1 month after operation.One patient was suffered from psoas major muscle injury after operation,and returned to normal at 3 weeks.One patient was suffered from abdominal distension and difficulty in defecation,and relieved after gastrointestinal decompression and enema.No complications such as abdominal organ injury and poor wound healing occurred in all patients.Conclusion OLIF combined with vertebral screw internal fixation is a new minimally invasive surgical method for the treatment of lumbar specific infection,especially the lesion located on the middle lumbar vertebra.It has advantages of less trauma,short operation time,less blood loss,convenient operation,complete removal of the lesion,safety and effectiveness,and has good medium-and long-term efficacy for lumbar specific infection.