从“风骨”理论的矛盾与自洽考刘勰之文质观念

On Liu Xie’s Concept of Literary Quality from the Perspective of the Contradiction and Self-Consistency in the Theory of“Sentiment in Language”

“风骨”本是对文章雄健有力、刚正不屈风格的概括,是中国传统文论中的高阶评语。刘勰《风骨》篇所论“风骨”却将风与骨分开阐述,骨属外、风属内,与汉魏风骨重“骨”正好相反。骨是言辞,风是情志,这里其实已经包含了文与质的概念,刘勰将“风骨”与文采对立,认为风骨应该与文采结合才能呈现出精致流利的美文,这正是刘勰“风骨”理论的矛盾与自洽之处,透过这一现象可看到他所崇尚的是“先质后文”的文质观念。刘勰的宗经师圣倾向使他更在意文章所载之道,然而在六朝崇尚华丽文风的时代,其文质观也必然受到时代环境的影响,因此,不免要强调文的重要性。

“Sentiment in language”is originally a summary of the vigorous,upright and unyielding style of articles,and is a high-level commentary in traditional Chinese literary theory.In Liu Xie’s article,Sentiment in Language,“sentiment”and“language”are described separately from each other.The“language”belongs to something outside and the“sentiment”belongs to something inside,which is the exact opposite of the“sentiment”emphasized by the Han and Wei dynasties.The“language”refers to words,and the“language”refers to emotions.Actually,the concepts of literature and quality have already been included here.Liu Xie contrasts“sentiment in language”with literary talent,believing that“sentiment in language”should be combined with literary talent in order to present exquisite and fl uent aesthetic prose?In fact,this is precisely where the contradiction and self-consistency of Liu Xie’s theory of“sentiment in language”lies in.Through this phenomenon,we can see that what he advocates is the concept of“quality before literature”.Liu Xie’s tendency to be a master of scriptures and sages made him pay more attention to the principles contained in his articles.However,in the era of the Six Dynasties,when he advocates the magnifi cent style of writing,his outlook on literary and quality is inevitably infl uenced by the environment of the times,so it was inevitable to emphasize the importance of literature.