动词“嚼”的论元变化及其语义系统研究

On the Argument Change of Verb "Jiao(嚼)" and Its Semantic System

“嚼”的本义为“进食时牙齿将食物磨碎”,其语义演变最大的语用动因是论元搭配的变化。它与不同性质的论元搭配会凸显不同的语义,比如与液体或气体搭配凸显“吸食”义,与抽象事物搭配凸显“品味”义,与人物搭配凸显“剥削”义,与发音器官或言语类词语搭配凸显“言说”义等。其中起作用的语言机制是隐喻的跨域投射,在跨域投射中,“嚼”的核心义特征“动作的重复使对象磨碎”得到了继承,而后通过与其论元的动态性互动凸显其不同的语义。语义的凸显总是和认知紧密相连的,上下文语境为这种认知提供了基础。

things to highlight the meaning of"taste",with characters to highlight the meaning of"exploitation",and with pronunciation organs or speech words to highlight the meaning of speech.Semantic prominence is always closely related to cognition,and context provides the basis for this kind of cognition.