教育法典编纂的“公因式元素”及其逻辑主线

"The common factors"of the compilation of education code and its logical main line

编纂契合新时代需求的教育法典,需要运用提取公因式的立法技术。运用该技术提取“公因式元素”,契合法典总分模式的体例要求,符合司法裁判的规范适用要求,得到国内外法典编纂的有效验证,符合中国教育国情的实际需求。教育法典提取“公因式元素”的过程分为三步:首先确定提取范围,其次通过因式分解法以相似性确定提取类别,最后通过逻辑涵摄方法以共有性提取特定“公因式元素”。教育法基本原则具有天然“公因式元素”属性;以法律效果和构成要件为双重标准,可进一步提取其他“公因式元素”,大致包含受教育权、教育主体、教育客体、教育内容等。基于逆向逻辑检视,可以洞察教育法典的各“公因式元素”之间存在一条以“权力-权利”为核心紧密联结的逻辑主线,其以保障受教育权为逻辑起点,保障教育主体权利、规范教育活动和呈现合理教育内容为联结中介,以国家教育权为外部保障,最终指向人的全面发展这一终极目标。

Compiling an education code that meets the needs of the new age requires the use of axiomatic legislative techniques.Using axiomatic legislative techniques to extract"common factors"is in line with the requirements of the general and divisional model of the code and the normative application of judicial decisions,has been effectively verified by domestic and international codification organizations,and meets the practical needs of China's national education situation.The process of extracting the"common factors"of the education code is divided into three steps:firstly determining the scope of extraction,then specifying the categories of extraction by similarity through the factorization method,and finally extracting the specific"common factors"by commonality through the logical inclusion method.The basic principles of education law have the attribute of natural"common factors".Taking legal effect and constituent elements as double standards,other"common factors"can be further extracted,which roughly include the right to education,subject of education,object of education,and content of education.Based on the review of reverse logic,it can be seen that there exists a logical thread closely linked with"power-right"as the core among the"common factors"of the education code,which takes safeguarding the right to education as the logical starting point,safeguarding the rights of educational subjects,regulating educational activities and presenting reasonable educational contents as the linkage.It takes the guarantee of the right to education as the logical start-up,the guarantee of the rights of educational subjects,the regulation of educational activities and the presentation of rational educational content as the intermediating linkage,and national education right as external guarantee,and finally points to the ultimate goal of comprehensive human development.