“平等”比“自由”更重要——作为思想史文本的《伤逝》

Equality is more important than freedom:The novel Regret for the Past as a text of intellectual history

从清末“罗兰夫人热”到五四“娜拉热”可知,清末以来的女性启蒙思想进入“‘自由’压抑‘平等’”的思维之中。鲁迅《伤逝》延续清末何震关于男女平等的思考,批判清末以来“‘自由’遮蔽‘平等’”的现象,反对将“性别权力问题”转化为“新旧等级问题”的启蒙思路。而且鲁迅在《伤逝》中对男女间“温习旧课”的思考,否定了“五四”时以强者为中心的爱情自由变迁观,反思“‘自由’压抑‘平等’”思维所带来的现实破坏性。同时《伤逝》凸显“家务平等”在自由爱情、婚姻中的重要性,提出日常家务的性别属性并非女性专属,强调“家务平等”与“经济平等”“精神平等”同等重要。总之,作为思想史文本的《伤逝》是近现代女性主义思想走向成熟的标志之一。

From the heated pursuit of the free image of Lady Roland by women in the late Qing Dynasty to the imitation of the image of Nora by women in the May Fourth Movement,it can be seen that women’s enlightenment ideas have entered a mindset of"freedom"suppressing"equality"since the end of the Qing Dynasty.Lu Xun's novel Regret for the Past continues He Zhen's reflection on gender equality in the late Qing Dynasty,criticizing the phenomenon of"freedom"obscuring"equality"since the end of the Qing Dynasty,and opposing the enlightenment approach of transforming"gender power issues"into"new and old hierarchical issues".Moreover,Lu Xun's reflection on the frequent reminiscing of love between men and women in Regret for the Past denies the view of love freedom based on the preferences of the strong during the May Fourth Movement,and criticizes the destructive reality brought about by the thinking of"freedom"suppressing"equality".At the same time,Regret for the Past highlights the importance of"equality in housework"in free love and marriage,proposes that the gender nature of daily housework does not exclusively belong to women,and emphasizes that"equality in housework"is as important as"economic equality"and"spiritual equality".In short,Regret for the Past is one of the signs of the maturity of modern feminist thought.