辽宁省通过审定的杂交粳稻品种产量及品质性状分析

Analysis of Yield and Quality Straits on Hybrid Japonica Rices Registered in Liaoning Province

对1980年~2023年辽宁省审定的42个杂交粳稻品种产量、品质、抗病性等进行分析。结果表明,品种以三系杂交粳稻为主,占比97.6%,其中辽宁省水稻研究所育成品种26个。产量总体呈上升趋势,有5个品种区试产量突破到10 t/hm2以上。有57.1%的品种较对照增产10%以上,表现出较强的杂种优势。本研究中,穗粒数增加是产量提升的主要原因。品种优质达标率84.4%,但近5年审定品种优质达标率有所下降,主要体现在垩白度偏高、碱消值较低,今后杂交粳稻品种选育,应着重改良这两个品质性状。杂交粳稻抗病性达到较高水平,对稻瘟病抗性表现达到中抗及以上水平的品种占比90.5%。

The analyses of yield,quality and resistance of 42 hybrid japonica rices registered from 1980 to 2023 were carried out in this study.The results indicated that three-line hybrids took up dominantly by 97.6%,in which 26 hybrids were developed by Liaoning Rice Research Institute.Generally,the yields were increased step by step,and there were five hybrids with a yield of over 10 t/hm2,meanwhile,57.1%of hybrids gained 10%yield increase than control,showing strong heterosis.In this study,the increase of grain number per panicle was the main reason for yield increase.The quality of the varieties reached the standard rate of 84.4%.However,the high quality rates were on a downward trend in past five years due to high chalkiness degree and low alkali value.Therefore,the quality improvement for hybrid rice should be paid more attention to these two quality traits.The blast resistance reached a high level in that there were 90.5%of total hybrids with medium resistance or resistance.