66份优选贵州低热河谷茶树种质资源的系统评价

Systematic Evaluation of 66 Selected Local Tea Germplasm Resources in Low Heat Valley

种质资源是育种工作的物质基础,表型性状和生理生化的鉴定是茶树种质资源鉴选的基本指标。为系统评价低热河谷茶树种质资源的利用价值,进一步为良种选育提供参考,本研究以前期优选的66份低热河谷茶树种质资源为材料,对其表型性状、生长特征及主要品质性状进行综合分析。结果表明,66份低热河谷地方茶树资源整体呈现开张、旺盛的灌木,叶片主要特征为中叶、披针、深绿色、中度光泽、隆起叶面、稍背卷叶身、中等叶片厚度、叶质硬脆、叶齿锐密、叶尖渐尖或急尖、叶缘微波,叶脉对数多为10~13对,细叶脉。氨基酸含量均值为4.05%,其中氨基酸含量≥5%的材料有7个;花青素含量最高为JN-41(6.15 mg/g),最低为JN-42(0.86 mg/g),均值为3.03 mg/g,且花青素含量变异系数最大(31.68%);聚类分析显示,欧氏距离D=10.9处,将66份低热河谷茶树种质资源分为4个组群。隶属函数排名将66份材料分为4个层次,F值在0.4~0.5的材料最多(53.03%),在0.5~0.6的材料次之(25.76%)。通过表型观测及特征成分分析发现本批优选材料具有一定的优势,适合进行下一步深入研究和良种选育。

Germplasm resources are the material basis of breeding,and the identification of phenotypic traits,physiology and biochemistry are the basic indexes for the selection of tea germplasm resources.In order to systematically evaluate the utilization value of tea germplasm resources in low-heat valley and provide reference for improved variety breeding,66 selected tea germplasm resources in low-heat valley were used as materials in this study.The phenotypic characters,growth characteristics and main quality characters were comprehensively analyzed.The results showed that 66 local tea resources in the low-heat valley showed open and exuberant shrubs as a whole.The leaves are mainly characterized by middle leaves,lanceolates,dark green,medium gloss,raised leaves,slightly curled leaves,medium leaf thickness,hard and brittle leaves,sharp teeth,leaf tips acuminate or acute,leaf margin microwave,leaf vein logarithm mainly 10~13 pairs and fine leaf veins.The average amino acid content was 4.05%,among which there were 7 materials with amino acid content≥5%.The highest anthocyanin content was JN-41(6.15 mg/g)and the lowest was JN-42(0.86 mg/g),with an average of 3.03%,and the highest coefficient of variation of anthocyanin content(31.68%).Cluster analysis showed that 66 tea germplasm resources in low-heat valley were divided into 4 groups at 10.9 Euclidean distance.According to the ranking of membership function,66 materials were divided into 4 levels,the materials with F value of 0.4 to 0.5 were the most(53.03%),and the materials with F value of 0.5 to 0.6 were the second(25.76%).Through phenotypic observation and characteristic component analysis,it is found that this batch of optimized materials have certain advantages and are suitable for further research and improved variety breeding.