基于国土空间规划全流程的低效轨道交通车站监测评估——以广州市为例

Monitoring and Evaluation of Inefficient Rail Transit Stations Based on the Whole Process of National Spatial Planning:Taking Guangzhou as an Example

近年来中国城市轨道交通客运强度出现下降趋势,车站与周边用地的不协调是出现低客流轨道交通车站(以下简称“低效车站”),进而造成经济社会效益下降的主要原因。为深入研究不协调因素,综合国家政策和各类线路特点,提出低效车站的识别标准。进而以低效车站为研究对象,基于国土空间规划全流程的监测评估方法,从总体规划、详细规划、建设运营三个阶段对低效车站成因进行评估,提出了高客流用地比例、规划开发度和职住导入率3个关键指标。对广州市典型车站进行实证研究,证实了监测框架和指标的有效性,同时建议将主要监测结论纳入国土空间规划体检评估工作,对车站周边用地开发进行优化。

In recent years,the passenger intensity of urban rail transit in China has shown a downward trend,and the lack of coordination between stations and surrounding land use is the main reason for the emergence of low passenger flow rail stations(hereinafter referred to as“inefficient stations”),leading to a decline in economic and social benefits.Based on national policies and the characteristics of rail transit lines,this paper proposes identification criteria for inefficient stations to conduct in-depth research on uncoordinated factors.Taking inefficient stations as the research object,a monitoring and evaluation method of the whole process of national spatial planning is developed,and then the causes of inefficient stations are evaluated from three aspects:overall planning,detailed planning,and construction and operation.Three key indicators are proposed,including the proportion of land use with high passenger flow,the degree of planning development,and the rate of employment and housing introduction.Empirical research is conducted on typical stations in Guangzhou,which confirms the effectiveness of the monitoring framework and indicators.Meanwhile,it is recommended to incorporate the monitoring conclusions into the evaluation of national spatial planning and evaluation work and optimize the development of land use around the stations.