我国轻罪治理模式的溢出效应及体系调适

Spillover Effects and System Adjustment of China's Misdemeanour Governance Model

轻罪治理是我国社会治理现代化进程中刑法积极参与社会治理的重要体现,具有刑事规制前置化与刑罚配置轻缓化的规范特征。轻罪治理模式的形成源于刑法对社会风险的防控以及不同制裁体系的衔接需求,轻罪治理在强化公民规范意识、避免重罪被扩张适用等方面具有现实意义。然而,该模式在实践中亦可能引发社会治理过度刑法化、犯罪附随后果的消极影响扩大化等溢出效应,对于传统的刑事法体系产生“牵一发而动全身”的影响,亟须在体系上予以协同调适。在刑事实体法上应激活“但书规定”之司法出罪功能,增设社区劳动刑以实现轻罪刑罚配置的社会化;在刑事程序法上应拓展附条件不起诉的适用范围。对于轻罪犯罪记录应予以封存,以消除犯罪附随后果对轻罪犯罪人的消极影响。

Misdemeanour governance is an important manifestation of the active participation of criminal law in social governance in the process of social governance modernization in China,and has the normative characteristics of front-loading criminal regulation and mitigating the allocation of penalties.The misdemeanor governance model stems from the criminal law's prevention and control of social risks and the need for the convergence of different sanctioning systems,and is of practical significance in strengthening the national normative consciousness and avoiding the expansive application of felonies.However,in practice,this model also triggers the overcriminalization of social governance,the expansion of the negative impact of the collateral consequences of crime,and other spillover effects.It has“the butterfly effect”on the traditional criminal law system,and urgently needs to be systematically coordinated and adapted.In the substantive criminal law,it's suggested to activate the judicial function of the“proviso”,and community work sentences should be added to socialize the allocation of penalties for misdemeanours;and in the criminal procedure law,the scope of application of conditional non-prosecution should be expanded.Records of misdemeanor offenses shall be sealed to eliminate the negative impacts attached to the crime on the perpetrator of the misdemeanor.