神圣与世俗:凉山彝族祖先崇拜与家支社会

Sacred and Secular:Liangshan Yi Ancestor Worship and Family Branch Society

凉山彝族祖先崇拜诞生于人类社会文明形态初现时期,祖先崇拜中的矛盾情感,使彝人世俗化的信仰动机过渡至神圣崇拜行动层面。彝族祖先崇拜并非泛祖先崇拜,具有我向性的特点,信仰者和信仰对象范围由世俗社会的家支规模决定。彝族祖先崇拜是彝族家支制度在神圣信仰世界的投射,反映了信仰本身所依存的社会结构的特点,凉山彝族祖先崇拜和家支社会的交融,论证了涂尔干的经典命题“宗教起源于社会”。凉山彝族的祖先崇拜和家支制度同中国自古即有的崇祖重宗思想一脉相承,具有中华文化共同性的特征,在现代化进程中,传承其优秀的传统文化有利于促进各民族的交往交流交融和铸牢中华民族共同体意识。

The ancestor worship in the Liangshan Yi region originated during the early stages of human social civilization.The conflicting emotions within ancestor worship led the Yi people to transition from secular belief motives to sacred worship actions.Yi ancestor worship is not a generalized form of ancestor worship;it is characterized by a self-oriented nature,with the scope of believers and worship objects determined by the scale of the secular social family branch.Yi ancestor worship is a projection of the Yi family branch system into the realm of sacred belief,reflecting the characteristics of the social structure upon which the belief itself depends.The integration of ancestor worship and the family branch society among the Liangshan Yi corroborates Durkheim's classic proposition that"religion originates from society."The ancestor worship and family branch system of the Liangshan Yi are in line with the traditional Chinese thought of venerating ancestors and valuing family lineage,embodying the common characteristics of Chinese culture.In the process of modernization,preserving this excellent traditional culture is conducive to promoting interaction,exchange,and integration among various ethnic groups and to strengthening the sense of community of the Chinese nation.