晋文公“请隧”研究补正

A Supplementary Annotation for the Term‘Qingsui’Mentioned in Texts Related to Duke Wen of the Jin State

晋文公“请隧”之义,学界存在“葬礼说”“六隧说”“旗物说”“典礼说”四种观点,而陵墓“王章”的存在与否是确定“请隧”之义的关键。本文根据考古研究,认为目前所见商代晚期至西汉末期的帝王陵墓皆为带有四条墓道的“亚”字形竖穴土圹木椁墓,显示出明显的陵墓等级。由此推断“请隧”所指向的是请求增加墓道,其目的是将“中”字形的国君级别陵墓改为“亚”字形王级陵墓。

The meaning of the term‘Qingsui’in records related to Duke Wen of Jin had four viewpoints from ancient to modern times:‘funeral theory’,‘six tunnels theory’,‘flag object theory’,and‘ceremony theory’.The existence of‘Wang Zhang’in tombs is key to determining the meaning of‘Qingsui’.Archaeological research has shown that royal tombs from the late Shang Dynasty to the late Western Han Dynasty are all vertical earth-pit tombs with a‘ya’(亚)-shaped layout and four entry ramps,characteristic of the highest rank.It can be seen that‘Qingsui’refers to a request to add additional tomb passages,changing the original‘Zhong’(中)character shape to a‘ya’(亚)character-shaped royal tomb.