吐蕃治下的吐谷浑王世系与可汗名号研究——兼论《噶琼多吉英寺兴佛诏书》所载吐浑可汗名号的由来

Examination of the Lineage and Khan Titles of Tuyuhun Kings under Tibetan Rule:——On the Origin of the Khan Titles of Tuyuhun Khan as Recorded in the Decree of the Gajong Dogyeong Monastery

吐谷浑政权建立以来,国主均有可汗名号。唐贞观中,慕容顺被封为西平郡王,仍号“趉胡吕乌甘豆可汗”。其后诺曷钵被封为河源郡王,号“乌地也拔勤可汗”,子嗣传承此可汗名直至8世纪末绝封。以上是政权灭亡后附唐的一部分,留在青海为吐蕃所统治的则另有一支王系传承,约五六代。其中于公元689年娶吐蕃公主者为第一代,吐蕃公主墀邦所生之子为第二代,又称“莫贺吐浑可汗”,因于公元727年与吐蕃联姻被封为“甥吐谷浑王”。之后有8世纪后半叶《桑耶寺兴佛诏书》记载的吐谷浑王。而9世纪初的《噶琼多吉英寺兴佛诏书》所载吐谷浑王,其可汗称号夹杂了冗长难解的文字,应是把汉文所记可汗名号中的反切文字孱入其中。

Since the founding of the Tuyuhun state,Khan titles have been inherited from their ancestors.During the Tang Dynasty's Zhenguan(贞观)period,Murong Shun(慕容顺)was granted the title of Western Ping jun Wang(西平郡王),also known as“Jue Hu Lv Wu Gan Dou Khan(趉胡吕乌甘豆可汗),”while his son,NuohéBo(诺曷鉢),was granted the title of Prince of Heyuan County(河源郡王),also known as“Wu Di Ye Ba Qin Khan.(乌地也拔勤可汗)”The descendants continued to receive Khan titles until the end of the 8th century.Some became part of the Tang Dynasty after the fall of their state,while another lineage,spanning about five to six generations,remained under Tibetan rule in Qinghai(青海).The first generation,who married a Tibetan princess in 689,and their son,born to Princess Chibang of Tibet,became the second generation.was known as the“Mohe Tuyuhun Khan,”A Tuyuhun king is recorded in the latter half of the 8th century in the decree of the Sangye Monastery.However,the Khan title of the Tuyuhun king mentioned in the early 9th-century decree of the Gajong Dogyeong Monastery(噶琼多吉英寺)is intertwined with lengthy and obscure characters,likely incorporating phonetic transliterations from Chinese records of Khan names.