韩愈的自咎与赎救——以《祭十二郎文》和“韩湘子度文公”为中心

The Self-Condemnation and Redemption——Centering on the Funerary Message to Nephew No.12 and Han Xiangzi Revealed Wengong

“韩湘子度文公”故事是民间对韩愈人格的一种特殊解读,其出发点则应该是韩愈的《祭十二郎文》。以《祭十二郎文》为基本背景,再加上附会想象,韩湘子从韩愈的侄孙变成了他的侄子,韩愈对兄嫂及侄子的愧疚则演变为他被韩湘子数度点化。《祭十二郎文》和“韩湘子度文公”的境界相差甚远,但情感形态基本一致,都是基于深厚的亲情和无限的自责。由韩湘子来度化韩愈成仙,正是韩愈走出感情困惑的必然途径。通过分析韩愈的《祭十二郎文》与民间演变的“韩湘子度文公”故事,可以窥见韩愈内心的挣扎与救赎,以及其自咎与寻求他救的复杂情感。这些作品不仅展示了韩愈作为一个现实人的复杂矛盾,也反映了民间层面对历史人物及其作品的特殊理解与再塑。

The story of Han Xiangzi Revealed Wengong is a special interpretation of Han Yu's personality,and its starting point should be Han Yu's Funerary Message to Nephew No.12.Taking the Essay as the basic background,and with the addition of imagination,Han Xiangzi changed from Han Yu's nephew's grandson to his nephew,and Han Yu's guilt towards his brother and sister-in-law and his nephew evolved into the fact that he had been enlightened by Han Xiangzi for several times.The realm of the Funerary Message to Nephew No.12 and Han Xiangzi Revealed Wengong is very different,but the emotional form is basically the same,both based on deep affection and infinite self-reproach.Han Xiangzi's attempt to immortalize Han Yu is an inevitable way for him to get out of his emotional confusion.By analyzing the Funerary Message to Nephew No.12 and the folk story of Han Xiangzi Revealed Wengong,we can get a glimpse of Han Yu's inner struggle and redemption,as well as his complex feelings of self-reproach and seeking for his salvation.These works not only show the complex contradictions of Han Yu as a real person,but also reflect the folk level's special understanding and remodeling of historical figures and their works.