适灾视角下老旧社区公共空间弹性评价与改造策略研究——以北京市为例

Resilience Evaluation and Renovation Strategies of Public Spaces in Old Communities from the Perspective of Disaster Adaptation:Taking Beijing as an Example

老旧社区作为城市更新行动中重要的组成部分,数量占比大、公共安全体系建设管理差、双重老龄化问题突出。该文基于适灾建设视角下,通过分析老旧社区公共空间孕灾空间环境特征及北京市常见灾害类型总结,从弹性化改造策略出发,使公共空间在满足日常使用需求的前提下,能够弹性灵活地转换适应灾中灾后的空间状态,从公共空间结构、功能、交通、生态四方面构建AHP评价体系,综合主客观因素,系统的分析、判断老旧社区各公共空间应具备的适灾弹性特点。并以北京市三个典型社区为例,分析比较不同类型社区的适灾特点及水平,提出相应的改造策略。

As an important part of the urban renewal action,old communities account for a large number,poor public safety system construction and management,and the problem of double aging is prominent.Based on the perspective of disaster-adapted construction,we analyze the characteristics of the disaster-prone spatial environment of public spaces in old communities,and summarize the common types of disasters in Beijing.Starting from a resilient transformation strategy so that public spaces can be flexibly transformed to adapt to the spatial state during and after disasters while meeting the needs of daily use.The AHP evaluation system was developed from four aspects:public space structure,function,transportation and ecology.Combining with objective and subjective factors,we systematically analyze and judge the disaster resilience characteristics of public spaces in old communities.Three typical communities in Beijing are used as examples to analyze and compare the disaster resilience characteristics and levels of different types of communities,finally we propose corresponding renovation strategies.