噪声峰度在非稳态噪声暴露所致汽车制造业作业人员高频听力损失中的应用

Applicationt of noise kurtosis to High-frequency hearing loss caused by complex noise exposure in the automobile manufactory operators

目的分析峰度在非稳态噪声暴露所致汽车制造业作业人员高频听力损失中的作用,为补充和修订我国现有噪声评估标准提供依据。方法选取汽车制造业916名噪声作业人员为观察组,同时选择208名接触稳态噪声的作业人员为对照组,记录噪声波形,计算峰度及能量指标8 h等效声级(equivalent weighted sound level,L_(EX,8h))和累积噪声暴露量(cumulative noise exposure,CNE);测试双耳纯音气导听阈,计算3、4、6 kHz高频永久性听阈位移(Noise-induced permanent threshold shift at frequencise of 3,4,6 kHz,NIPTS_(346))及高频听力损失检出率(the prevalence of high frequency noise-induced hearing loss,HFNIHL%)。结果调查对象平均年龄为(35.1±8.7)岁,平均工龄为(9.4±8.1)年,男性占73.49%,接触的噪声L_(EX,8h)平均水平为(89.31±5.0)dB(A),CNE为(97.15±6.80)dB(A)·年,峰度为13.7(7.60,26.40),总体HFNIHL%为24.82%。经趋势χ^(2)检验,随着年龄(χ^(2)=28.032,P<0.05)、工龄(χ^(2)=52.697,P<0.05)、峰度(χ^(2)=22.341,P<0.05)、L_(EX,8h)(χ^(2)=7.206,P<0.05)的增加,高频听力损失检出率逐渐增加;经logistics回归分析,工龄、峰度和L_(EX,8h)是影响HFNIHL的主要因素;多元线性回归分析,工龄(b=1.14)峰度(b=2.66)和L_(EX,8h)(b=3.27)均对NIPTS346产生影响。应用峰度调整CNE后(CNE-K),非稳态噪声组的CNE-K和HFNIHL患病率的线性方程与稳态噪声组的方程几乎重合,两组之间的HFNIHL%平均差值从10.82%降至1.74%。结论除噪声能量外,噪声峰度也是评估非稳态噪声所致听力损失的一个重要参量。

Objective To analyze the role of kurtosis in high-frequency hearing loss of automobile manufacturing operators due to non-stationary noise exposure,to provide a basis for supplementing and revising the existing noise assessment standards in China.Methods A total of 916 noisy operators from seven typical automobile manufacturing plants were selected as study subjects,while 208 workers exposed to steady state noise were selected as control population.Noise waveforms were recorded,kurtosis(reflecting the time domain structure of the noise)and energy indexes of 8 h equivalent sound leve(l L_(EX,8h))and cumulative noise exposure(CNE)were calculated;pure tone air-conducted thresholds were tested binaurally,and the displacement of the high-frequency permanent thresholds of hearing at 3,4,and 6 kHz(NIPTS346)and the detection rate of high-frequency hearing loss(HFNIHL%)were calculated.Results The mean age of study objects was(35.1±8.7)years,the exposure duration was(9.4±8.1)years,the proportion of male was 73.49%,the L_(EX,8h) was(89.31±5.0)dB(A),the CNE was(97.15±6.80)dB(A)year,with the kurtosis 13.7(7.60,26.40)and the detection rate of HFNIHL was 24.82%.With the increase of age(χ^(2)=28.032,P<0.05),exposure duration(χ^(2)=52.697,P<0.05),kurtosis(χ^(2)=22.341,P<0.05),L_(EX,8h)(χ^(2)=7.206,P<0.05),the detection rate of high frequency hearing loss gradually increased;The results of binary logistic regression analysis showed that exposure duration,kurtosis and L_(EX,8h) were influential factors of workers'HFNIHL;The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that exposure duration(b=1.14),kurtosis(b=2.66)and L_(EX,8h)(b=3.27)have an impact on NIPTS346(P<0.05).After applying kurtosis-adjusted CNE(CNE-K),the linear equation between CNE-K and HFNIHL prevalence rate for the complex noise group almost overlapped with that for the steady-state noise group,and the mean difference in HFNIHL prevalence rate between the two groups decreased from 10.82%to 1.74%(P<0.05).Conclusion In addition to noise energy,the kurtosis is also an effective metric for assessing the hearing loss caused by complex noise.