新疆煤矿工人职业紧张和心理健康现状及其影响因素分析

Analysis of occupational stress and mental health of coal miners in Xinjiang and its influencing factors

目的调查新疆煤矿工人心理健康和职业紧张现状,并分析煤矿工人心理健康的影响因素。方法采用分层整群抽样的方法纳入大、中型煤矿煤矿工人1400名,通过课题组自设的“一般情况调查问卷”、工作要求-自主(job demand-control,JDC)模式问卷、心理健康状况自评量表(SCL-90)对研究对象进行现状调查。结果参与调查的1349名煤矿工人中职业紧张452人,检出率为33.5%,心理问题246人,检出率为18.2%;有职业紧张、男性、工龄增加、高学历、井下作业、吸烟和饮酒的煤矿工人心理问题检出率增加,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=16.967、18.337、7.642、14.568、4.556、4.192、20.189,P<0.05)。SCL-90量表的9个因子和JDC模式问卷3个维度中工作要求及社会支持的相关性均有统计学意义(P<0.05),与工作要求呈正相关关系(r>0),与社会支持呈负相关关系(r<0)。多因素logistic回归分析发现:工龄>30年(OR=1.975,95%CI:1.029~3.788),高中或大专学历(OR=1.485,95%CI:1.091~2.021)、本科及以上学历(OR=1.894,95%CI:1.149~3.121),饮酒(OR=1.726,95%CI:1.201~2.481),有职业紧张(OR=1.822,95%CI:1.362~2.438),井下作业(OR=1.647,95%CI:1.112~2.440)的煤矿工人更易出现心理问题(P<0.05);女性(OR=0.108,95%CI:0.026~0.449)相较于男性不易出现心理问题。结论研究表明新疆煤矿工人职业紧张和心理问题的检出率较高,性别、工龄、学历、工种、饮酒和职业紧张对心理问题的发生有影响。

Objective To investigate the status quo of mental health and occupational stress of coal miners in Xinjiang,and to analyze the influencing factors of mental health of coal miners.Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was used to include 1,400 coal miners working in large and medium-sized coal mines.The subjects were surveyed using the research team's self-designed“General Situation Survey Questionnaire”,Job Demand-Contro(l JDC)model questionnaire,and Self-Rating Scale of Mental Health Status(SCL-90).Results Among the 1,349 coal miners surveyed,452 experienced occupational stress,with a detection rate of 33.5%,and 246 had mental health issues,with a detection rate of 18.2%.The detection rate of mental health issues increased among coal miners with occupational stress,males,increased years of service,higher education,downhole operation,and those who smoke and drink,with statistically significant differences(χ^(2)=16.967,18.337,7.642,14.568,4.556,4.192,20.189,P<0.05).The correlation between the 9 factors of the SCL-90 scale and the work demand and social support dimensions in the 3 dimensions of the JDC model questionnaire were statistically significant(P<0.05),positively correlated with work demand(r>0),and negatively correlated with social suppor(t r<0).Multivariate logistic regression analysis found that coal miners with>30 years of service(OR=1.975,95%CI:1.029-3.788),high school or junior college education(OR=1.485,95%CI:1.091-2.021),bachelor's degree or above(OR=1.894,95%CI:1.149-3.121),alcohol consumption(OR=1.726,95%CI:1.201-2.481),occupational stress(OR=1.822,95%CI:1.362-2.438)and downhole operation(OR=1.647,95%CI:1.112-2.440)are more likely to have mental health issues(P<0.05);females(OR=0.111,95%CI:0.027-0.463)are less likely to have mental health issues compared to males.Conclusion The study shows that the detection rate of occupational stress and psychological problems is high in Xinjiang coal miners.Gender,length of service,education,type of work,drinking and occupational stress have an impact on the occurrence of psychological problems.