大学生正念与焦虑的关系:负面评价恐惧与反刍思维的链式中介作用

Relationship between mindfulness and anxiety in college students:The chain mediation effect of fear of negative evaluation and rumination

目的:考察大学生正念与焦虑之间的关系,并检验负面评价恐惧与反刍思维在其中的链式中介作用。方法:采用正念注意觉知量表(MAAS)、反刍思维量表(RRS)、广泛性焦虑障碍量表(GAD-7)和负面评价恐惧量表简版(BFNES)对山东省高校1409名本科生进行问卷调查。结果:①正念可以显著负向预测大学生的焦虑水平(β=-0.519,P<0.001);②负面评价恐惧(β=0.074,P<0.001)与反刍思维(β=0.554,P<0.001)分别在正念对焦虑的影响中起部分中介作用,占总效应的比值分别为9.28%和67.89%;③正念还可以通过负面评价恐惧和反刍思维组成的链式中介(β=-0.066,P<0.001)间接影响大学生的焦虑水平,效应占比为22.83%。结论:正念对大学生焦虑水平具有显著的负向预测作用,既包括直接效应,也包括负面评价恐惧和反刍思维的间接效应。负面评价恐惧和反刍思维在正念与焦虑之间起部分中介作用,并通过链式中介效应进一步解释了正念如何影响焦虑。

Objective:To examine the relationship between mindfulness and anxiety among college students and to test the chain mediation effect of fear of negative evaluation and rumination.Methods:A questionnaire survey was conducted among 1409 undergraduate students from universities in Shandong Province using the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale(MAAS),Ruminative Responses Scale(RRS),Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale(GAD-7),and Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale(BFNES).Results:①Mindfulness significantly negatively predicted the anxiety levels of college students(β=-0.519,P<0.001);②Fear of negative evaluation(β=0.074,P<0.001)and rumination(β=0.554,P<0.001)partially mediated the effect of mindfulness on anxiety,accounting for 9.28% and 67.89%of the total effect,respectively;③Mindfulness also indirectly affected anxiety levels through a chain mediation effect composed of fear of negative evaluation and rumination(β=-0.066,P<0.001),with an effect size of 22.83%.Conclusion:Mindfulness has a significantlynegative predictive effect on anxiety levels among college students,including both direct and indirect effects through fear of negative evaluation and rumination.Fear of negative evaluation and rumination partially mediate the relationship between mindfulness and anxiety and further explain how mindfulness influences anxiety through chain mediation.