基于水生态系统服务的黄河流域生态修复投资优先区识别

Identification of priority areas for ecological restoration supported by investment based on water ecosystem services in the Yellow River Basin

国土空间生态修复需要国家投资和社会投资支持其顺利开展。然而,国土空间生态修复研究很少从修复成本和投资潜力角度考虑投资的经济可行性。以黄河流域为研究区,从4种土地利用模拟情景、2种水生态系统服务和4种生态产品价值实现模式出发,建立了“土地利用模拟-生态系统服务供需评估-生态修复可行性分析”步骤下的社会投资支持优先区识别框架。研究结果表明,水土保持情景下2030年黄河流域草地增加明显,自然演变情景、水源涵养情景和湿地保护情景的人造地表有所扩张;基准情景国家投资优先流域主要分布在中下游;基准情景一致表明,碳交易和排污权交易最具社会投资吸引力,特色养殖和特色中药的投资吸引不具有普适性。研究识别的空间位置可以为黄河流域投资支持生态修复、生态产品价值实现的宏观区位选址提供参考。

For the ecological restoration of territorial space to go smoothly,state investment and social investment is required.However,very few studies on the ecological restoration of territorial space take the economic viability of investment from the restoration cost and investment potential into account.The Yellow River Basin is the focus of this study.The identification framework of priority basins for social investment support under the steps of“land use simulation-supply and demand assessment of ecosystem services-feasibility of ecological restoration”is established using 4 land use simulation scenarios,2 water ecosystem services,and 4 ecological product value realization development patterns.The results showed that,under the soil and water conservation scenario,the grassland in the Yellow River Basin would increase significantly in 2030,and the man-made surface expansion would be rapid in the natural evolution scenario,water source conservation scenario and wetland protection scenario;the priority watersheds for national investment in the three scenarios were mainly distributed in the middle and lower reaches;the three scenarios unanimously showed that carbon trading and emission rights trading were the most attractive for social investment,while investment attraction for specialty breeding and specialty traditional Chinese medicine was not universal.The spatial location identified in this study can provide a reference for the macro location selection of investment in the Yellow River Basin to support ecological restoration and realize the value of ecological products.