泡沫铝复合结构的制备研究进展与展望

Research progress and prospect of preparation of aluminum foam composite structures

泡沫铝是一种含有大量孔洞的多功能多孔金属材料,具备减震吸能、电磁屏蔽、隔热、阻尼、降噪等特性。由于其力学性能和耐腐蚀性能较差,研究人员多以密实金属材料作为面板或外壁提升泡沫铝的综合性能。泡沫铝夹芯板结构和泡沫铝填充管结构作为泡沫铝复合结构的两种形式,具有显著的吸能特性与结构强度。现如今,泡沫铝复合结构因生产效率低、产品尺寸小、界面结合强度差以及制备成本高等问题,其快速发展与行业推广受到了限制。首先综述了有关泡沫铝复合结构的制备方法,包括泡沫铝夹芯板结构的胶粘连接、螺栓连接、焊接连接及粉末冶金连接等方法,泡沫铝填充管结构的原位制备法和非原位制备法,并在此基础上介绍了泡沫铝复合结构的力学性能以及不同制备方法的局限性。最后,简要分析了泡沫铝复合结构在土木工程领域应用的可行性,并对其进行了总结与展望。

Aluminum foam is a kind of multifunctional porous metal material with a large number of holes,which has the characteristics of shock absorption,electromagnetic shielding,heat insulation,damping,noise reduction and so on.Due to its poor mechanical properties and corrosion resistance,researchers mostly use dense metal materials as panels or outer walls to improve the comprehensive properties of aluminum foam.Aluminum foam sandwich panel structure and aluminum foam filled tube structure,as two forms of aluminum foam composite structure,have significant energy absorption characteristics and structural strength.Nowadays,the rapid development and industry promotion of aluminum foam composite structure are limited due to low production efficiency,small product size,poor interface bonding strength and high preparation cost.Firstly,the preparation methods of aluminum foam composite structure were reviewed,including adhesive connection,bolt connection,welding connection and powder metallurgy connection of aluminum foam sandwich plate structure,in-situ preparation method and ex-situ preparation method of aluminum foam filled tube structure.On this basis,the mechanical properties of aluminum foam composite structure and the limitations of different preparation methods were introduced.Finally,the feasibility of the application of aluminum foam composite structure in the field of civil engineering was briefly analyzed,and it was summarized and prospected.