存在句中方位词“里”的隐现机制及认知动因分析

Analysis of the Implicit Mechanism and Cognitive Motivation of the Locative Word“Li 214”in Existential Clauses

以“N里”在单纯存在句“有”和“在”中的隐现情况为研究对象。基于语料事实发现:方位词的隐现实际上是人们在语言的实际运用中,对方位词空间属性和功能属性进行选择的结果。当“N里”前置于VP时,“里”的空间图景强过容纳图景。当“里”激活容纳图景时可以隐去;当“N里”后置于VP时,“里”的容纳图景强过空间图景,当“里”激活空间图景时可以隐去。“里”两类图景的激活倾向反映了汉语“背衬优先”的认知定势,即在概念化空间关系时,句首成分更容易被识解为处所,句首的名词性成分表现出对空间图景的敏感性。

The delectable condition of“N-li 214”in simple existential clauses“you 214”and“zai 51”is studied.Corpus facts show that delectable condition of“li 214”is actually the result of speaker’s choice towards spatial and functional attributes of orientation words.When the noun phrase“N-li 214”is placed in front of the VP,its spatial schema is stronger than its accommodating schema.It can be deleted when“li 214”activates the containment schema and vice versa.The tendency to activate the two types of schema in“li 214”reflects the cognitive stereotype of“Ground Priority”in Chinese.When speaker is conceptualizing a spatial relation,sentence-initial component is more likely to be recognized as a location,and thus sentence-initial NP shows sensitivity to spatial schema.